高效生活污水处理装置--高性能合并处理净化槽

详细介绍了从日本引进的一体化生活污水处理装置--高性能合并处理净化槽的特点、运行机理和在日本的应用情况.     

A modeling system for drinking water sources and its application to Jiangdong Reservoir in Xiamen city

Drinking water sources are highly valued by authorities for safeguarding the life of a city. Models are widely applied as important and effective tools in the management of water sources. However, it is difficult to apply models in water source management because water managers are often not equipped with the professional knowledge and operational skills necessary for making use of the models. This paper introduces a drinking water source simulation and prediction system that consists of a watershed model, a hydrological model and a water quality model. This system provides methods and technical guidance for the conventional management of water sources and emergency water event response. In this study, the sub-models of the system were developed based on the data of the Jiangdong Reservoir in Xiamen, and the model validation was based on local monitoring data. The hydrological model and water quality model were integrated by computer programming, and the watershed model was indirectly integrated into the system through a network platform. Furthermore, three applications for Jiangdong Reservoir water protection utilizing the system were introduced in this paper, including a conventional simulation, an emergency simulation, and an emergency measures evaluation.     

缓释微胶囊EDTA强化玉米提取土壤中铅铜的效应研究

将EDTA转化成具有缓释性能的微胶囊EDTA（Cap-EDTA）作为螯合剂,采用大宝山矿区周边重金属复合污染农田土壤进行重金属连续批浸提及盆栽试验,比较研究Cap-EDTA和未微胶囊化EDTA（Ncap-EDTA）对土壤铅铜活化的动态变化及其对玉米吸收提取铅铜的影响。结果表明：Cap-EDTA处理土壤溶液中初始增溶的铅铜质量分数显著低于Ncap-EDTA处理,且使土壤溶液中的铅铜质量分数长时间持续保持在适度范围内。添加Cap-EDTA的处理显著提高玉米吸收提取铅铜的效率,如实施3 mmol·kg-1的Cap-EDTA使玉米地上部Pb的积累高达1.26 mg·pot-1,是对照处理的1.9倍,是等量Ncap-EDTA处理的1.4倍。因此,在进行污染土壤植物修复的EDTA调控时,采用微胶囊化EDTA,能降低因直接实施EDTA而带来的污染地下水风险,且显著提高玉米修复效率。     

好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器的研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥膜生物反应器(MBR)在废水生物处理中的研究进展,着重介绍了MBR中好氧颗粒污泥的特性、好氧颗粒污泥对氨氮的去除特性及其对膜污染控制的特性,并在此基础上展望了好氧颗粒污泥MBR技术的发展方向。     

A bibliometric and content analysis of research trends on GIS-based landslide susceptibility from 2001 to 2020

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To assess the status of hotspots and research trends on geographic information system (GIS)–based landslide susceptibility (LS), we analysed...     

川中半自然型防护林演替过程中的物种多样性

四川中部绵阳官司河流域的半自然型林是长江中上游地区防护林的一个较典型类型。本文以它为研究对象，对群落的物种多样性及其在次生演替过程中的动态变化趋势进行了初步研究，并结合影响多样性的几个主要环境因子进行了相关性分析。结果表明：（1）现阶段该防护林的植物种类组成和群落结构均较简单，松、柏、栎混交的针阔叶林占绝对优势，其物种多样性较小，但随着群落次生演替的进展，各层次的多样性趋于增加；（2）用灰色系统理论的关联度分析方法研究群落的物种多样性与主要环境因子的相关性是可行的。经测定，研究区的土壤pH值，外界干扰度和土壤含水量等指标对防护林的物种多样性有显著的影响。图2表3参16     

Impact of environmental factors on gastric cancer: A review of the scientific evidence, human prevention and adaptation

Globally, gastric cancer (GC) ranks fifth in prevalence and third in fatalities, and shows a distinct geographical distribution in morbidity and mortality. Such a spatial pattern indicates that environmental factors could be an important contributor to GC. We reviewed a total of 135 relevant peer-reviewed articles and other literature published 1936–2019 to investigate the scientific evidence concerning the effects of environmental factors on GC worldwide. Environmental factors affect GC from the aspects of water, soil, air, radiation, and geology. Risk factors identified include water type, water pollution, water hardness, soil type, soil pollution, soil element content, climate change, air pollution, radiation, altitude, latitude, topography, and lithology; and most of them have an adverse impact on GC. Furthermore, we found that their effects followed five common rules: (1) the leading environmental factors that affect GC incidence and mortality vary by region, (2) the same environmental factors may have different effects on GC in different regions, (3) some different environmental factors have similar effects on GC in essence, (4) different environmental factors often interact to have combined or synergistic effects on GC, and (5) environmental factors can affect human factors to have an impact on GC. Environmental factors have a great impact on GC. Human beings may prevent GC by controlling carcinogenic factors, screening high-risk populations and providing symptomatic and rehabilitative treatments. Furthermore, adaptation measures are recommended to reduce GC risk on private and public levels. Future studies should transcend existing empirical studies to develop causal relationship models and focus on vulnerable population analysis.     

阳离子聚丙烯酰胺复配钠基膨润土处理模拟苯酚废水

将阳离子聚丙烯酰胺与钠基膨润土进行复配,制备出复合吸附剂,并将其用于模拟苯酚废水的处理。采用XRD和FTIR技术对复配前后的钠基膨润土进行了表征。表征结果显示:阳离子聚丙烯酰胺附着在钠基膨润土的表面,对钠基膨润土的表面具有改性作用,使其由亲水性变为疏水性。实验结果表明:在阳离子聚丙烯酰胺与钠基膨润土的复配比例为200 mg/g、反应时间为40 min、复合吸附剂投加量为6 g/L、废水p H为11的最佳条件下,于25℃处理苯酚质量浓度为50 mg/L的模拟苯酚废水,苯酚去除率达89.5%。     

处理染色废水专用活性炭研究

利用普通活性炭的筛余炭作基炭，采用浸渍化学物质后再活化的办法，使炭内大孔和中孔容积扩大并赋以催化能力，从而提高对染色废水中污染物的吸附能力，经小试和生产试验能使处理过的水达到纺织部活活用水标准，且活性炭寿命长，成本低，技术经济优势突出。     

水上事故溢油漂移轨迹预测模型研究与应用

近年来,国内外海上溢油事故频发,不仅造成巨额的经济损失,同时也对海洋及近岸海域生态系统造成了巨大危害,构建科学、可靠的海洋溢油模型对于溢油事故的处置应对、预警预报都具有十分重要的科学和现实意义。基于EFDC（Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code）、＂油粒子＂溢油轨迹和风化模型,构建了海上事故溢油漂移轨迹预测模型。通过对实际溢油事故的模拟对比证明,相对于基于对流扩散方程的传统溢油模型,＂油粒子＂算法更直观,模拟的油膜轨迹、形态更贴近实际过程。