露天煤矿的矿区环境保护

简要阐述露天矿开采过程中对环境的污染和破坏。针对不同的影响提出了相应的环境保护措施,指出实现露天煤矿生产与矿区生态环境重建一体化,是煤矿企业自身和国民经济可持续发展的必然要求与必然结果。     

大气环境污染源治理产业化研究

文章介绍了大气环境污染源治理产业化的实施方法,这种方法介绍了大气环境污染源治理产业化管理,探讨了大气环境污染源治理项的投资,主要包括资金筹措方案,项目计划进度包括项目的总体目标、计划安排与阶段目标、企业的参与程度、产学研联合机制和其他必要的支撑和配套条件落实情况,只有在大气环境污染源治理产业化的过程中,各方面积极努力,各负其责,就一定能够做好大气环境污染源治理产业化的工作,保卫我们国家的大气环境.     

不同溶剂对活性炭采集氯苯类化合物解吸效能研究

通过在活性炭吸附采样管中定量加入氯苯类化合物标准样品,于大气采样器上模拟采样后测定各组分回收率的方法,研究了实验室常用有机试剂二硫化碳、甲醇、正己烷、苯、乙腈、丙酮等,对活性炭采集大气中氯苯类化合物的解吸性能.实验结果表明,二硫化碳溶剂对氯苯类化合物各组分具有较为高效、稳定的解吸效能,是日常环境监测实践中使用活性炭吸附-气相色谱法测定环境空气和污染源有组织排放废气中氯苯类化合物的较为理想解吸溶剂.     

输电线路受外力破坏应变监测方法研究

输电线路通过金具与杆塔连接,线路受力直接传递到金具上,因此,金具可以反映线路的受力.基于这一原理,提出通过金具表面应变变化监测输电线路受力破坏情况.利用输电线路模拟试验台进行应变试验,应变片分别黏贴在金具不同部位,通过对线路施加载荷,测量应变信号.结果表明,金具某些部位应变变化与受力之间成线性关系,适合作为检测信号以监...     

一株高效解磷细菌的筛选及其在红壤性水稻土中的施用效果

解磷菌能使土壤中被活性铁、铝等吸附固定的难溶性或不溶性的非有效态磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的有效态磷,从而大大提高磷肥的利用率.通过对江西鹰潭红壤分离筛选,获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌T4.经鉴定,菌株T4为伯克霍尔德菌属(Burkholderia sp.);T4溶解AlPO4、磷矿粉的能力均比较高,分别为334.2 mg L-1、193.1mg L-1;研究了各种理化因子对T4解磷能力的影响,确定了T4的最佳培养条件为乳糖15 g L-1,KNO3 1.0 g L-1,pH为7.0,温度为30℃,在该条件下T4溶解AlPO4的量为806.3 mg L-1.在江西鹰潭红壤性水稻土的施用试验表明,将菌株T4制成微生物菌剂施用于水稻田可起到减施化肥的作用.图6表2参28     

A 1955�C2004 record of Hg contamination in Dianshan Lake sediments, Shanghai

Measuring Hg levels of water sediments is one of the primary routes to assess the trend of the contamination. Little work has been carried out in the Yangtze Delta to track the trend of mercury contamination caused by Shanghai, which is one of the fastest growing economies in the world today. The mercury concentration in the sedimentary cores from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai is studied here. Results show that mercury transported to Dianshan Lake from emissions of coal combustion and non-coal sources in the Yangtze Delta was greater after 1979. We found also that before 1979 mercury levels changed less with time than after 1979. Before 1967 Hg levels were more variable than in the 1970s. Moreover, the mercury dissolved in river water and bound to particles of water that flow past downtown Shanghai is different from that observed in Dianshan Lake, which is located in upper Shanghai. This indicates that atmospheric Hg deposition is probably the main source of mercury in Dianshan Lake. These results are important for the establishment of environmental protections and pollution treatment proposals for mercury in similar areas of the world, as well as in Shanghai.     

Monitoring urban expansion and land use/land cover changes of Shanghai metropolitan area during the transitional economy (1979�C2009) in China

This study explored the spatio-temporal dynamics and evolution of land use/cover changes and urban expansion in Shanghai metropolitan area, China, during the transitional economy period (1979?C2009) using multi-temporal satellite images and geographic information systems (GIS). A maximum likelihood supervised classification algorithm was employed to extract information from four landsat images, with the post-classification change detection technique and GIS-based spatial analysis methods used to detect land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes. The overall Kappa indices of land use/cover change maps ranged from 0.79 to 0.89. Results indicated that urbanization has accelerated at an unprecedented scale and rate during the study period, leading to a considerable reduction in the area of farmland and green land. Findings further revealed that water bodies and bare land increased, obviously due to large-scale coastal development after 2000. The direction of urban expansion was along a north-south axis from 1979 to 2000, but after 2000 this growth changed to spread from both the existing urban area and along transport routes in all directions. Urban expansion and subsequent LULC changes in Shanghai have largely been driven by policy reform, population growth, and economic development. Rapid urban expansion through clearing of vegetation has led to a wide range of eco-environmental degradation.     

面向污染场地的环境修复功能材料

在回顾环境功能材料研究进展的基础上,将材料按功效分为固化/稳定化材料、氧化还原剂类材料以及催化剂类材料,重点对固化/稳定化材料进行了介绍。根据环境材料科学的发展前沿提出了污染场地环境修复功能材料的发展趋势,并总结了功能材料开发与应用中的一些问题。     

环境监测人员持证上岗理论考试命题软件设计和开发研究

密切结合环境监测人员持证上岗考核工作需要,以《环境监测人员持证上岗考核试题集》为基础题库,设计并开发了环境监测人员持证上岗理论考试命题软件,实现了申报、组卷、证书的一体化系统管理,有效地解决了由于考核对象广泛、岗位设置多样、考核项目和监测方法繁多等带来的命题工作量大、内容不易均衡等难题,克服了命题过程中的个人主观因素影...     

Rhodamine B dye staining for visualizing microplastics in laboratory-based studies

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In the recent years, microplastics have attracted much attention as new emerging environmental pollutants. Previously, several studies were performed...