花山岩画渗水病害机理及环境治理对策

根据花山岩画区的水文地质与工程地质条件,分析了渗水病害的类型、危害及其形成机理。按水在崖壁上的运移方式将花山岩画的渗水病害分为裂隙渗水和面流水,着重分析了它们各自的危害和机理,提出了防渗堵漏、建立地表排水系统、修建立壁遮挡檐等防治对策。     

The Status of Pesticide Residues in the Drinking Water Sources in Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China

The study was carried out to assess the levels of pesticide residues in the water of Meiliangwan Bay, Taihu Lake of China. The most commonly employed organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) and herbicide atrazine were analyzed. The water samples were collected seasonally from Meiliangwan Bay within a period of one year. The pesticides were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with μECD or NPD after solid-phase extraction (SPE), which was confirmed by GC with an ion trap mass spectrometry (MS). The mean concentrations were 1.98 ng/l for lindane, 0.378 ng/l for heptachlor epoxide, 0.367 ng/l for p,p′-DDE, 0.496 ng/l for p,p′-DDD, 1.06 ng/l for p,p′-DDT and 51.6 ng/l for dichlorvos, 39.0 ng/l for demeton, 346 ng/l for dimethoate, 4.12 ng/l for methyl parathion, 11.6 ng/l for malathion, 2.17 ng/l for parathion and 217 ng/l for atrazine. Generally, low concentrations of OCP were found, whereas the concentrations of the OPPs and atrazine in the water of Taihu Lake were relatively high. Heptachlor epoxide and lindane were the two most commonly encountered OCPs while dichlorvos, demeton and dimethoate were found to have much higher concentrations and occurrences than other OPPs.     

发电与高压输变电工程的工频电磁场现状及防护

通过对典型发电与高压输变电工程工频电磁场的现场检测,阐明了发电与高压输变电工程的工频电磁场现状.在此基础上,根据科学界关于极低频电磁场对人体短期和长期效应研究的明确结论,介绍了发电与高压输变电工程的工频电磁场暴露对人体健康的影响.同时,从卫生安全的角度提出了防止和减少工频电磁场影响的综合防护措施,其中包括:慎重选址,合理设计,适当个体防护和必要的警示标识.另外,扼要地介绍了工频电磁场的有关卫生标准和测量方法.     

OH自由基与溴乙烷反应动力学和大气中存留寿命

溴代烷烃是破坏臭氧层的重要物质,用放电流动－共振荧光技术,测定ＯＨ自由基与Ｃ２Ｈ５Ｂｒ在２９７－３６９Ｋ温度范围的反应速率常数,求得其阿仑尼乌斯公式,并根据对流层的平均温度２２７Ｋ下求是ＯＨ自由基与溴乙烷反应速率常数（Ｋ）值,算出共在对流层的寿命为０．１６８ａ这将提供这类化合物使用否的重要科学根据。     

大流量孔口流量计的校准、数据处理及误差分析

用罗兹流量计校准孔口流量计,用温度和大气压力对孔口流量计的负压进行修正,使孔口流量计的流量和压力修正项间的关系为一直线,得到孔口流量计的标准曲线并评价其精度。探讨了孔口流量计流量不确定度的主要来源,为精度控制提供了理论依据。      

紫外光降解黑索金(RDX)的研究

本课题对模拟废水中RDX在紫外光和氧化剂等作用下的光化学降解情况进行了研究.运用正交设计法来安排实验,获得了废水的酸碱度、过氧化氢与亚铁离子的投加量、紫外光照射的时间等RDX降解的最佳条件.自行设计了光化学降解装置.在最佳条件下对RDX模拟废水进行光化学处理,并利用721分光光度计以及TOC-500测试仪对实验结果进行鉴定,取得了较为满意的结果.     

一株高效解磷细菌的紫外诱变选育及其在红壤稻田施用效果

红壤对磷有强大吸附固定力,磷肥易被土壤中活性铁、铝固定而使有效态磷转化为各种形态的非有效磷,从而大大降低磷肥的利用率。解磷菌能使土壤中难溶性或不溶性的磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的磷。通过对江西鹰潭红壤分离筛选并经过紫外诱变获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌Y8。经鉴定,菌株Y8为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。通过与生产中应用的徐州华龙高效复合菌肥厂的解磷细菌X3相比,菌株Y8降解有机磷、溶解Ca3（PO4）2的能力均比较高,分别为155.3mg·L^-1和240.1mg·L^-1。研究各种理化因子对菌株Y8解磷能力的影响,确定了菌株Y8的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖20g·L^-1、NH4（SO4）21.5g·L^-1、pH7.0、温度为35℃,在该条件下菌株Y8溶解Ca3（PO4）2的量为295.6mg·L^-1。在江西鹰潭红壤稻田的施用试验表明,将菌株Y8制成微生物菌剂施用于水稻田可起到减施化肥的作用。     

The combined effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and cypermethrin on male reproductive toxicity in rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Titanium nanoparticles and pyrethroid pesticides are now being widely used in industrial, agriculture, and biomedical applications. In recent years,...     

Zoo animal manure as an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Animal fecal samples collected in the summer and winter from 11 herbivorous animals, including sable antelope (SA), long-tailed goral (LTG), and...     

软岩地基下AP1000核电屏蔽厂房结构地震响应研究

以AP1000核电屏蔽厂房结构为研究对象,进行考虑土-结构相互作用的地震响应分析,探讨不同厚度和不同地表倾斜角度软岩场地对屏蔽厂房结构地震响应的影响。利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立了软岩层厚度分别为25、30、35、40m以及地表倾斜角度分别为0°、3°和6°的土-结构相互作用模型,实现了地震动输入。对计算所得楼层响应谱进行对比分析可知,软岩层较硬岩层对地震传播有一定的放大效应,软岩层厚度的增加会使峰值频率往低频方向移动;倾斜场地对楼层响应谱高频部分有一定的放大效应。该研究结果对软岩场地下核电厂抗震安全评价具有一定参考意义。