Anaerobic treatment of wastewater containing methanol in upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor

The direct conversion of methanol into methane is the main process in anaerobic treatment of methanol containing wastewater. However, acetic acid can also be produced from methanol theoretically, which may probably result in an abrupt pH drop and deteriorate the anaerobic process. Therefore, it is interesting to know what would really happen in an anaerobic reactor treating methanol wastewater. In this study, an up-flow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB) reactor treating methanol wastewater was operated. The chemical oxygen demand (COD), acetic acid and pH of the effluent were monitored at different loadings and influent alkalinity. The results showed that the anaerobic reactor could be operated steadily at as low as 119 mg/L of influent alkalinity and high organic loading rate with no obvious pH drops. Volatile fatty acids accumulation was not observed even at strong shock loadings. The microorganisms in the sludge at the end of the test became homogeneous in morphology, which were mainly spherical or spheroidal in shape.     

Ultrastructure effects of omethoate and cypermethrin insecticides on maize seedlings

Increasing studies suggest that insecticides are one of the plant stress elements that affect plant growth and productivity by interfering with cell metabolic and biochemical activities. Here, we show that the application of commonly used pesticides omethoate and cypermethrin on maize (Zea mays L. cv. Luyu 9) seedling leaves resulted in adverse effects on leaf ultrastructure changes under laboratory conditions. Electron microscopic studies reveal that the topical application of organophosphorus insecticide omethoate causes direct injury of leaf ultrastructures including cell wall breakdown of abaxial epidermis cells, inner cells, stomata guard cells; degradation of mitochondrial membrane, and chloroplast envelope membrane; and abnormal changes of lamella arrangement of chloroplast. And the topical application of cypermethrin insecticide causes plasmolysis of cells of the adaxial epidermis, mitochondrial cristae are degraded, and loosen arranged lamella of amyloplasts. All these changes indicated that omethoate and cypermethrin are stress factors that caused adverse effects on plant ultrastructures and biochemical molecules.     

基于元胞自动机的换乘枢纽车站人员安全疏散研究

换乘枢纽车站人员疏散要求不明确具体,仿真研究使其在设计阶段可进行安全评估。结合突发事件下人员的行为特征,基于元胞自动机模型,综合分析人员与环境、人员自身之间的交互。依据已有地铁设计规范,模拟某虚拟车站高峰期人员疏散过程。仿真结果显示:站厅层安全隐患较小,而站台层存在一定安全隐患,通过改变工作人员位置,可改善疏散效率。     

Hydrochemical characteristics and identification of pollution ions of the springs in the south of Yanbian City,China

Environmental Geochemistry and Health - Mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, Piper and Gibbs diagrams, and geographic information system- based multi-criteria decision analysis were used...     

不同土壤-小麦体系中铅镉交互作用与转运特征

选用海伦黑土、咸宁棕红壤和长武黑垆土这3种土壤,分别设置4组不同含量配比的Pb和Cd复合处理,进行为期5个月的小麦种植(郑麦9023号)盆栽试验,结合小麦植株各部位Pb和Cd含量,分析3种土壤-小麦体系中Pb和Cd交互作用对小麦富集转运重金属的影响.结果表明,低pH棕红壤水溶态Cd和Pb含量最高,且土壤颗粒表面Pb和Cd交互作用显著,高有机质黑土及高碳酸钙含量的黑垆土中Cd和Pb活性较低.3种土壤中黑垆土种植小麦的株高和干重表现最差,但Pb和Cd复合作用使其株高较对照增加了2.68～8.49 cm, Pb和Cd交互作用对黑土中小麦的株高和干重影响最小,但抑制了棕红壤中小麦生长.3种土壤-小麦体系的Pb和Cd交互作用差异较大,棕红壤中Pb和Cd间存在协同作用,125 mg·kg^-1和250 mg·kg^-1Pb处理下棕红壤种植的小麦籽粒Pb含量随Cd添加量升高分别显著增加73.2%和19.1%;黑土中Pb和Cd间存在拮抗作用,0.3 mg·kg^-1和0.6 mg·kg^-1 Cd处理下黑土中小麦籽粒Cd含...     

物联网技术在环境监测中的应用

物联网是继互联网之后的又一次信息技术革命,而环境保护是物联网技术应用的典型领域,环保物联网是物联网技术在环保领域的智能应用,物联网应用成为提高环境管理水平、发展战略性环保产业的重要手段。本文介绍环保物联网的概念及应用的总体架构,论述了环保物联网在中国环保领域的发展与实践。分析了环保物联网在天津市环境监测中的发展现状,指出了环保物联网在环境监测中应用存在的问题,提出推动环保物联网在天津市环境监测建设和发展的建议。     

化学沉淀法处理含铬电镀废水的工程应用研究

铬是电镀废水处理中的重点之一.金属铬几乎无毒,二价铬一般认为是无毒的,其余的铬化合物,在一定浓度下,都是有不同毒性的.三价铬的毒性约是六价铬的1/100,是人体必须有的微量元素.六价铬有致癌作用,对皮肤有刺激和过敏作用.电镀废水中主要含有六价铬化合物.文章介绍了含铬电镀废水的来源及含铬电镀废水处理工艺分类,重点介绍化学沉淀法处理电镀废水的应用.     

阳泉矿区生态环境综合评价体系的研究

以阳泉矿区为研究对象,结合矿区发展能力、环境问题与治理以及生态环境变化三个方面的实际情况,建立了矿区生态环境综合评价指标体系,利用层次分析、模糊综合评判等方法,对矿区生态环境总体质量进行综合评价。研究结果表明：矿区1990年、2000年、2010年三年生态环境综合情况分别表现为差、差、中的质量等级,发展趋势良好。因此,矿区应继续实行污染物排放综合治理和生态环境恢复治理措施,同时提高废水复用和植被恢复的技术水平。     

SWOT分析模型在四川制革行业中的应用研究

文章在分析四川省制革行业发展现状的基础上,采用定性与定量结合的SWOT分析方法,分析了制革行业在四川省制革行业发展所面临的机会和威胁、所处的优势和劣势。结果表明,极坐标（ρ,θ）=（0．536,71．89°）处于坐标轴的第一象限,四川省制革行业应采取相对开拓的优势机会型战略,并据此提出相应具体战略措施。