浅议排污费征收审计模型的设定及应用

重点论述了排污费征收各个环节的法定程序及设立排污费征收审计模型的方法及应用.     

我国环境法确立风险预防原则的思考

环境风险预防原则是应对环境风险日益凸显的重要原则。通过对环境风险预防原则的分析,发现环境风险预防原则在我国确立中还存在着对其研究程度不够、混同于"预防为主,防治结合"原则以及仍惯于事后执法的传统思维等问题。面对挑战,应多措并举推进环境风险预防原则建设,例如确立环境风险预防原则作为环境法基本原则,转变举证责任主体的机制、建立信息公开等与风险预防原则相关的法律制度,拟采过错责任为风险预防的归责原则,从而预防和遏制环境风险的产生与扩散。     

四姑娘山国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉枯落物及土壤的持水能力研究

通过对四姑娘山国家级自然保护区岷江冷杉林地表土壤和林下枯落物的实验分析,得出四姑娘山自然保护区岷江冷杉林0～40cm深度的土壤层最大贮水量为1694.8 t/hm2,林下枯落物最大持水量为233 t/hm2。四姑娘山自然保护区岷江冷杉林土壤及枯落物持水的最大值为1927.8 t/hm2。     

水解酸化-SBR工艺在食品加工废水处理中的应用

某食品加工厂原有的废水处理厂处理工艺不能满足GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》中一级标准的要求,需要改造,改造采用混凝沉淀-水解酸化-SBR处理工艺。     

基于LCA的再制造项目或产业的循环经济评估

文章对利用生命周期评价的基本方法,对废旧电机再制造项目进行循环经济特性评估的方法进行了初探。废旧电机再制造,实际上是一个充分保留废旧电机中的附加值,使其进入下一步循环的过程。利用生命周期评价从“起点到终点”的思想,以及其评判的基本方法,可以评判出废旧电机再制造项目的不同技术工艺的循环经济特性的优劣以及相对于其它回收方法的优势,以解决常规的循环经济指标体系在应用至废旧电机再制造行业时所遇到的问题。     

观音阁水库水体中氮、磷污染现状及其防治对策

本文通过对观音阁水库的水质进行监测和调查分析，了解观音阁水库水体中氮、磷污染状况及来源。根据监测和调查结果可以判断，磷是观音阁水库中限制性营养盐。通过采取必要的防治对策和措施，控制氮、磷的浓度，不仅可以控制观音阁水库水体富营养化程度，而且还能产生一定的经济效益。     

Difference in calcium ion precipitation between free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2

Biomineralization has become a research focus in wastewater treatment due to its much lower costs compared to traditional methods. However, the low sodium chloride (NaCl)-tolerance of bacteria limits applications to only water with low NaCl concentrations. Here, calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater (10% NaCl) were precipitated by free and immobilized Halovibrio mesolongii HMY2 bacteria and the differences between them were determined. The results show that calcium ions can be transformed into several types of calcium carbonate with a range of morphologies, abundant organic functional groups (C-H, C-O-C, C=O, etc), protein secondary structures (β-sheet, α-helix, 3₁₀ helix, and β-turn), P=O and S-H indicated by P2p and S2p, and more negative δ¹³C_PDB (‰) values (-16.8‰ to -18.4‰). The optimal conditions for the immobilized bacteria were determined by doing experiments with six factors and five levels and using response surface method. Under the action of two groups of immobilized bacteria prepared under the optimal conditions, by the 10^th day, Ca²⁺ ion precipitation ratios had increased to 79%-89% and 80%-88% with changes in magnesium ion cencentrations. Magnesium ions can significantly inhibit the calcium ion precipitation, and this inhibitory effect can be decreased under the action of immobilized bacteria. Minerals induced by immobilized bacteria always aggregated together, had higher contents of Mg, P, and S, lower stable carbon isotope values and less well-developed protein secondary structures. This study demonstrates an economic and eco-friendly method for recycling calcium ions in hypersaline wastewater, providing an easy step in the process of desalination.     

Optimization of thermal performance of the parabolic trough solar collector systems based on GA-BP neural network model

The aim of this paper is to optimize the thermal performance (system output energy, thermal efficiency, and heat loss of cavity absorber) of parabolic trough solar collector (PTC) systems in order to improve its thermal performance, based on the genetic algorithm-back propagation (GA-BP) neural network model. There are a number of undefined problems, fuzzy or incomplete information and a complex thermal performance of the PTC systems. Therefore, the thermal performance prediction of the PTC systems based on GA-BP neural network model was developed. Subsequently, the metrics performances have been adopted to comprehensively understand the algorithm and evaluate the prediction accuracy. Results revealed that the GA-BP neural network model can be successfully used to predict the complex nonlinear relationship between the input variables and thermal performance of the PTC systems. The cosine effect has a great influence on the thermal performance; thereby the geometrical structure of the PTC systems was optimized. It was found that the optimized geometrical structure was beneficial to improve the thermal performance of the PTC system. In conclusion, the GA-BP neural network model has higher prediction accuracy than the other algorithm and it can be feasible and reliable.     

沙尘暴降尘对甘肃大气环境背景值的影响研究

通过近15年来发生在我国西北地区的较大沙尘暴个例,就沙尘暴对甘肃境内大气环境背景值的影响等问题进行了调查、分析和研究.使用降尘背景观测点的大气降尘资料和样品,统计、分析和研究了沙尘暴降尘在各地区的沉降量、分布范围、化学组分和粒度分布特征等问题.研究认为:沙尘暴不只是一种特异的灾害性天气,同时它还是一种跨地区的大范围大气污染现象;在无湿沉降机会时,它会被输送到很远的地方,所影响和污染区域也会更大;沙尘暴还会向下游地区输送有害物质,对生态环境造成潜在和长期的影响;沙尘暴降尘量在甘肃的分布是以河西走廊东部为中心,向大气环流下游地域扩散,形成一个自西向东南迅速递减的梯度分布状态.受沙尘暴降尘的影响,近15年来甘肃省大气自然降尘背景值总体水平呈上升趋势.