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631.
Wenqian CAI Wei MENG Lusan LIU Kuixuan LIN 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(5):737-746
Based on biologic and environmental materials collected from coastal areas of Bohai Bay (China) in April, 2008, three biotic indices (AZTI's Marine Biotic Index (AMBI), Shannon-Wiener Index and W-statistic) were applied together to evaluate the ecological status of the sampling area. The results showed a clear spatial gradient from a worse ecological status in the near-shore areas (especially around Haihe and Jiyun River Estuaries) to a better status in the offshore areas. While all the three indices could assist decision makers in visualizing spatial changes of organic pollutants in Bohai Bay, two indices, i. e., AMBI and Shannon-Wiener index, were effective in distinguishing sites from Haihe River Estuary, Jiyun River Estuary and other area. However, W-statistic can't tell the differences between estuaries and other area. It would be explained that organic pollutants and/or other environ- mental stresses in Bohai Bay were not strong enough to reduce the size ofmacrozoobenthos, which may cause both of the abundance and biomass curves crossed. To our knowledge, this is the first time that several benthic indices were used to assess the benthic ecological status in Bohai Bay, which gave the similar results. Furthermore, there is indication that the ecological status is related to excess input of wastewater along main rivers and outlets. In a word, AMBI, Shannon-Wiener Index and W-statistic could be able to assess the benthic ecological status of Bohai Bay under the organic pollutants pressure. 相似文献
632.
Cao Liu Yiping Xu Mei Ma Bingbin Huang Jingdong Wu Qingyi Meng Zijian Wang Robert Alan Gearheart 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2014,8(3):433-440
Study on effective disposal and utilization of sewage sludge has recently been the target of growing interest in China. However, potential risks are associated with the use of sludge due to its contamination with toxic organics, heavy metals and pathogenic microorganisms. In this study, a screening assessment was conducted on sewage sludge samples collected from 17 different sewage treatment plants in Beijing, based on a batch of in vitro bioassays, including a set of recombinant gene yeast assays for endocrine disruption, and an ethoxy resorufin-O- deethylase (EROD) assay using H4IIE cells for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ah-R) agonistic activities. Our results suggested that moderate levels of estrogen receptor agonistic activities (0.9 ng E2. g-1 to 6.8 ng E2. gl, dw), but relative higher androgen receptor antagonistic activ- ities (nd to 45%), progestin receptor antagonistic activities (nd to 80%) and Ah-R agonistic activities (1390 to 6740 pg 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)·g-1, dw) were found in sewage sludge samples. However, there were no significant correlations between the toxic effects of sewage sludge and the sewage treatment processes. In addition, the 17β-estradiol (E2) equivalent quantity (EEQ) level of the sewage sludge was increased after the composting treatment, whereas the 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodi- benzo-p-dioxin toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) level of sewagesludge composted was much lower than that of sewage sludge. 相似文献
633.
634.
台风过程珠江三角洲边界层特征及其对空气质量的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用2006年7月珠江三角洲南北向3个点为期1个月的小球测风、低空探空资料及9个地面气象站逐时风向、风速资料,通过计算和分析风、温梯度资料,研究了台风过程珠江三角洲边界层特征及其对珠江三角洲地区空气质量的影响,重点分析了台风下沉气流影响导致灰霾天气期间的边界层结构.结果表明,2006年7月珠江三角洲地区空气质量主要受2个台风过程影响,当台风中心位于粤东及福建以东海域时,台风外围的下沉气流会对珠江三角洲地区的空气质量产生强烈影响,出现灰霾天气.在台风登陆前出现灰霾日时,珠江三角洲被均压场所控制,大部分区域为静小风,沿海地区会出现局地的海陆风,边界层风速较小.在200~500m低空会出现逆温层,同时最大混合层高度迅速下降到不足500m. 相似文献
635.
北京2011年10月连续重污染过程气团光化学性质研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
于2011年10月份对北京市大气痕量气体、颗粒物及单颗粒组成进行了观测,分析了观测期间各项污染物的关系、单颗粒物物理化学特征及气团光学性质,并结合后向气流轨迹分析了污染物来源.结果显示,2011年10月份存在3次明显的重污染过程:第1次过程区域性特征明显,气团光化学年龄较长,主要来源于河北省和山西省交界处;第2次过程呈区域与局地性叠加特征,气团光化学年龄开始呈现缩短趋势,气团主要来源于河北省;第3次过程中局地特征较明显,气团光化学年龄较短,主要来源于京津及河北省中北部. 相似文献
636.
Abstract Three collectives of substances - plastics, plant nutrients, biotoxins - are candidates for monitoring programmes that could keep track of the quality of ocean waters for vital life processes. All three are not subject to systematic surveillance at present. They are each characterized by long residence times in the marine environment, by increasing influx, and by growing evidence of their deleterious impacts on living systems. 相似文献
637.
为分析典型焦化污染场地不同粒径土壤中PAHs的累积及其与土壤有机碳含量(TOC)、比表面积(SA)等土壤性质的相关性,对北京焦化厂长期受PAHs污染的土壤进行粒度分级[P1(0.5~1.0 mm)、P2(0.25~0.5 mm)、P3(0.15~0.25 mm)、P4(0.106~0.15 mm)、P5(0.075~0.106 mm)、P6(<0.075 mm)],测定了各粒径土壤的理化性质及土壤中USEPA优先控制的16种PAHs的浓度,探究PAHs在不同粒径土壤中的累积特征,并通过PAHs质量分数及土壤部分理化性质的曲线拟合结果分析PAHs的赋存特征。结果表明:各粒径土壤中16种PAHs均有检出,其最高质量分数大多出现在P1粒径土样,最低质量分数出现在 P4、P5中。各粒径土壤中2~3(低)环 PAHs、ΣPAHs16质量分数变化趋势相似,均为 P1>P2>P3、P4、P6>P5(P<0.05),4(中)、5~6(高)环PAHs趋势类似,均为P1、P2>P3>P6>P4、P5(P<0.05)。比表面积(SA)、总有机碳(TOC)、可溶解性有机碳(DOC)与各类PAHs的质量分数呈现一定的相关性,各类PAHs质量分数随SA的增大呈先增大随后减小趋势,最大质量分数所对应的SA为38~41 m2·g-1,随TOC的增加呈先减小随后增大趋势,最小质量分数所对应的TOC为7.0~8.7 g·kg-1。不同粒径土壤颗粒中,基于污染物毒性当量因子(TEF)的等效质量分数与污染物实际质量分数变化趋势并不相同,ΣPAHs16实际质量分数变化趋势为P1>P2、P3、P4、P6>P5(P<0.05),而其等效质量分数则为P1、P2、P3、P4、P6>P5(P<0.05)。 相似文献
638.
639.
640.
In this paper, the evolution of cooperation is studied by a spatially structured evolutionary game model in which the players are located on a two-dimensional square lattice. Each player can choose one of the following strategies: “always defect” (ALLD), “tit-for-tat” (TFT), and “always cooperate” (ALLC). Players merely interact with four immediate neighbors at first and adjust strategies according to their rewards. First, the evolutionary dynamics of the three strategies in non-spatial population is investigated, and the results indicate that cooperation is not favored in most settings without spatial structure. Next, an analytical method, which is based on comparing the local payoff structures, is introduced for the spatial game model. Using the conditions derived from the method as criteria, the parameter plane for two major parameters of the spatial game model is divided and nine representative regions are identified. In each parameter region, a distinct spatiotemporal dynamics is characterized. The spatiotemporal dynamics not only verify that the spatial structure promote the evolution of cooperation but also reveal how cooperation is favored. Our results show that spatial structure is the keystone of the evolution of intraspecific diversity. 相似文献