Effect of vegetation in pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands treating sulphate rich groundwater contaminated with a low and high chlorinated hydrocarbon

In order to characterize the effect of vegetation on performance of constructed wetlands (CWs) treating low and high chlorinated hydrocarbon, two pilot-scale horizontal subsurface flow (HSSF) CWs (planted with Phragmites australis and unplanted) treating sulphate rich groundwater contaminated with MCB (monochlorobenzene, as a low chlorinated hydrocarbon), (about 10 mg L⁻¹), and PCE (perchloroethylene, as a high chlorinated hydrocarbon), (about 2 mg L⁻¹), were examined. With mean MCB inflow load of 299 mg m⁻² d⁻¹, the removal rate was 58 and 208 mg m⁻² d⁻¹ in the unplanted and planted wetland, respectively, after 4 m from the inlet. PCE was almost completely removed in both wetlands with mean inflow load of 49 mg m⁻² d⁻¹. However, toxic metabolites cis-1,2-DCE (dichloroethene) and VC (vinyl chloride) accumulated in the unplanted wetland; up to 70% and 25% of PCE was dechlorinated to cis-1,2-DCE and VC after 4 m from the inlet, respectively. Because of high sulphate concentration (around 850 mg L⁻¹) in the groundwater, the plant derived organic carbon caused sulphide formation (up to 15 mg L⁻¹) in the planted wetland, which impaired the MCB removal but not statistically significant. The results showed significant enhancement of vegetation on the removal of the low chlorinated hydrocarbon MCB, which is probably due to the fact that aerobic MCB degraders are benefited from the oxygen released by plant roots. Vegetation also stimulated completely dechlorination of PCE due to plant derived organic carbon, which is potentially to provide electron donor for dechlorination process. The plant derived organic carbon also stimulated dissimilatory sulphate reduction, which subsequently have negative effect on MCB removal.     

危险废物填埋场渗滤液初始浓度表征模拟研究

渗滤液初始浓度(C0L)是计算填埋场渗漏污染物源强的重要参数之一,由于填埋场构造复杂,其在运行过程中很难获取,因此在计算填埋场环境风险数学的模型常用浸出浓度(CL)代替C0L。本研究以典型危险废物固化飞灰为代表,开展了优势污染物Cr在不同模拟高度(h)土柱和不同浸取剂pH条件下土柱溶出模拟试验研究,通过对比不同时间段内不同体积浸出液中的总Cr浓度(CCr0),定义了表征C0L对应的采样体积数,探讨C0L的影响因素中其与h、pH的相关关系。研究结果表明浸取液的pH在3~7范围内时C0L没有明显规律性,C0L随h增大而增大,并且根据实验数据初步建立了C0L和h、pH之间的简单数学关系模型。