Preparation and Properties of a Chitosan–Hyaluronic Acid-Polypyrrole Conductive Hydrogel Catalyzed by Laccase

Electro conductive hydrogels, consisting of chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA), and polypyrrole (PPy), were prepared via an in situ enzymic polymerization of pyrrole in the CS–HA hydrogel, using laccase as the catalyst. This CS–HA–PPy composite hydrogel showed good conductivity. The chemical structure and morphology of this conductive hydrogel were studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction technique. For CS–HA–PPy and CH–HA hydrogel, the temperature at which fastest decomposition occurred was 260 and 244 °C, respectively. That means the thermal stability of CS–HA–PPy is better than CS–HA hydrogel. The conductive hydrogel also showed excellent swelling and deswelling behaviors.     

Effects of leachate accumulation on landfill stability in humid regions of China

Leachate levels are important to landfill stability and safety. High leachate or water levels often lead to landfill instability, which can cause accidents. Here a case study of a landfill located in a humid region of southern China is presented. Leachate distribution and quality were systematically analyzed, and the effect of leachate level on waste-mass stability was assessed. Boreholes were drilled in the field, samples were analyzed in the laboratory, and a simulation was performed. In addition, the safety and stability of the landfill was evaluated. The leachate level in the landfill was 9–19 m, which was higher than the top of the dam crest (8–20 m). Leachate accounted for more than 1/4 of the total landfill storage capacity. The contaminant concentration of the leachate samples collected directly from the waste body was very high, with large variation among the samples. The mean concentrations of NH₃–N, BOD, and COD from the waste body were 5404, 14,136, and 22,691 mg/L, nearly 2.7, 2.4, and 1.8 times the mean concentrations in the leachate pond, respectively. Three series of shear strength parameters were used in a slope stability analysis, and a limit equilibrium method was used to calculate the factor of safety (Fs). The analysis showed that Fs could be affected by potential anisotropy in the shear strength of the waste. The minimum values of Fs corresponding to series I were 1.84 and 1.17 for units ? and II, respectively. The Fs value of unit II was significantly lower than the safe design value (1.25). In addition, Fs decreased with increase in the normalized height of the leachate level, h/H, where h is the height of the leachate mound and H is the maximum thickness of the landfill. If the h/H values of units I and II are kept below 50% and 40%, respectively, a safe design value of 1.25 for Fs can be guaranteed. Therefore, some measures to prevent risk should be considered.     

炭黑工业烟气余热的回收及利用

对油炉法炭黑生产过程烟气的来源，组成，发生量，特性作了介绍，着重研究了炭黑烟气余热的加收及利用。结果表明，采用余热锅炉串联多级空气预热器，是目前我国炭黑烟气余热回收及利用的最佳方法，采用这种方法，不仅可将高温炭黑烟气的余热量最大限度地回收及利用，同时可满足炭黑收集及烟气净化系统设备对炭黑烟气温度的要求，采用该法，炭黑烟气余热利用率可提高２０％以上，经济效益十分可观。     

PAC-SBR反应器处理制药废水活性污泥驯化实验研究

制药废水的特点是成分复杂，有机物浓度高，且含有难生物降解和有抑制作用的抗生素等毒性物质．较为适合的处理方法是生化处理。文章研究了PAC-SBR反应器处理盐酸林可霉素原料药生产废水过程中活性污泥的驯化。活性污泥经1个月3个阶段的驯化后，发现在逐渐提高制药废水投加量的污泥驯化过程中，当投加量为1％时，去除率连续4d基本上稳定在90％以上。出水COD值全部在40mg／L以下。随着制药废水投加量的增加．COD去除率及出水质量有所下降，但仍能保持较高的COD去除率。较长时间稳定的去除率表明，污泥已基本适应盐酸林可霉素原料药的生产废水特性，活性污泥驯化完成。     

长寿湖富营养化调查

通过对2002年7月长寿湖发生严重富营养化时的监测，利用富营养化评价标准对产生富营养化的几项主要指标进行综合评价，评价结果表明；长寿湖水体已经处于富营养化状况，在所有监测点，总磷，总氮浓度高，其中总氮超标严重按GB3838-2002地表水环境质量标准评价，已经为劣V类水，长寿湖水体中主要的植物为稀脉浮萍和少量紫背浮萍，造成长寿湖水质污染的主要原因有3个方面；工业和生活废水污染，地表径流污染和养殖业污染。     

大气微小颗粒物中汞的污染特性初步研究

采用分级采样器采集大气中微小颗粒物中的汞,用冷原子吸收测汞仪分析。结果表明,颗粒态汞浓度随粒径分布呈双峰型,2个峰值分别出现在粒径1.0μm和4.0μm左右,与水溶性离子,碳含量的粒径分布基本一致。PM_(1.6)、PM_(8)和TSP中颗粒态汞的浓度分别为0.150、0.273、0.429ng/m~3,汞的质量分数分别为3.75.1.09、1.07μg/g,高于背景参考值;结果还表明,颗粒态汞主要集中在细颗粒中。通过正态概率分布测算,PM_(1.6)、PM_(6)中汞主要来自于1个主体源;PM_(1.6)中汞的浓度与硫酸根离子呈显著性相关,而与硝酸根离子、氯离子则不显著相关:说明颗粒物中汞的主要来源可能与燃煤有关。     

示波极谱法测定地面水中的钒

应用钒（ Ｖ） ５ Ｂｒ Ｐ Ａ Ｄ Ａ Ｐ Ｈ２ Ｏ２ 体 系产生的 络合极 谱波对地 面水中 的钒 进行 了测 定，并 讨论了测试 条件。钒 浓度在 ００１ ～２２５ μｇ／２５ ｍ Ｌ 范围 内极谱 电流与钒 含量呈线 性关系 ，本法具有 较高的选择 性和灵 敏度，测定 地面水 中的钒结 果令人 满意     

洞庭湖浮游植物调查与水质评价

报道了1995年至1997年洞庭湖浮游植物群落的调查结果，共鉴定出浮游植物7门50属82种，并结合水化学指标，对洞庭湖水质作了初步评价。     

化工园区企业环境适宜度评价研究初探

本研究在阐明化工园区企业环境适宜度评价研究目的的基础上,根据化工园区的特点,采用层次分析法,构建了由经济、物质消耗、污染物排放、管理、社会、辅助6个领域、24个分项、96个单项评价因子组成的评价指标体系,并在具体的规划环评工作实践中确定了各级评价指标、评价指标计算数学模式以及评价结果综合评级方法,为化工园区企业环境综合整治提供了技术依据。本指标体系基本上涵盖了化工区企业与环境关联的主要方面,可以比较全面、客观地对化工园区企业的环境适宜度作出评判。     

Fabrication and photoelectrocatalytic properties of nanocrystalline monoclinic BiVO4 thin-film electrode

Monoclinic bismuth vanadate(BiVO4) thin film was fabricated on indium-tin oxide glass from an amorphous heteronuclear complex via dip-coating.After annealation at 400,500,and 600°C,the thin films were characterized by X-ray diffraction,field emission scanning electron microscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and UV-Vis spectrophotometry.The BiVO4 particles on the ITO glass surface had a monoclinic structure.The UV-Visible diffuse reflection spectra showed the BiVO4 thin film had photoabsorption propertie...