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781.
采用自制的负载型CuO-ZnO-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂,常温常压下通过紫外辐照-催化湿式氧化技术处理酸性大红GR模拟染料废水。考察了催化剂加入量、H2O2加入量、废水pH、反应时间、初始酸性大红GR质量浓度等对废水脱色率的影响。实验得到最佳工艺条件为初始酸性大红GR质量浓度200mg/L,催化剂加入量10.0g/L,H2O2加入量2.0mL/L,废水pH4,反应时间2h。最佳工艺条件下废水脱色率达99.33%。 相似文献
782.
采用盐析分相微萃取—高效液相色谱法同时测定水中3种含氯除草剂,建立并优化了反相离子对液相色谱条件,考察了萃取剂种类、盐析剂的种类和加入量及试样pH对萃取效果的影响。对氯苯氧乙酸、2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸和2,4-滴丁酯的质量浓度在0.1~100.0mg/L内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,相关系数不低于0.9992。平均回收率分别为96.29%、79.16%和70.21%,相对标准偏差小于5.3%。该方法操作简便、绿色环保,适合于水中含氯除草剂的测定。 相似文献
783.
在中空纤维膜接触器中以半胱氨酸合钴溶液为吸收液,采用膜吸收法处理NO废气。研究了对传质系数和NO去除率的影响因素,以及吸收液循环使用效果。实验结果表明:在进气流速为0.005 m/s、进气中NO质量浓度为650.14 mg/m3、吸收液pH为9、吸收液中半胱氨酸合钴浓度为0.017 mol/L、吸收液流速为0.003 m/s、吸收液温度为50℃的优化工艺条件下,吸收时间在55 min之内时,NO去除率保持在98%以上;吸收时间超过55 min之后,NO去除率迅速下降。吸收液经SO2还原处理后可多次循环使用,吸收效果基本不变。 相似文献
784.
制备了改性SiO2气凝胶,考察了经不同类型、不同配比的改性剂改性的SiO2气凝胶对模拟含Fe3+废水的吸附处理效果。实验结果表明:改性SiO2气凝胶的最佳制备条件为三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)作改性剂,V(TMCS)#x02236;V(正己烷)=1#x02236;5;当改性SiO2气凝胶加入量为75g/L、吸附时间为4h、Fe3+质量浓度为10mg/L时,模拟含Fe3+废水的Fe3+去除率为98.32%,剩余Fe3+质量浓度为0.168mg/L;采用改性SiO2气凝胶动态吸附处理流量为420mL/h、Fe3+质量浓度为100mg/L的模拟含Fe3+废水,吸附后废水中剩余Fe3+质量浓度仅为0.196mg/L。 相似文献
785.
Xiao Wu Jun Zhu Curtis Miller 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):477-485
Kinetics of H2 production from liquid swine manure supplemented with glucose by mixed anaerobic cultures was investigated using batch experiments under four different pH conditions (4.4, 5.0, 5.6, and uncontrolled). The temperature for the experiments was controlled at 37 ± 1°C and the length of experiments varied between 50 and 120 hours, depending upon the time needed for completion of each individual experiment. The modified Gompertz model was evaluated for its suitability for describing the H2 production potential, H2 production rate, and substrate consumption rate for all the experiments. The results showed that the Gompertz model could adequately fit the experimental results. The effect of pH was significant on all kinetic parameters for H2 production including yield, production rate and lag time, and the substrate utilization rate. The optimal pH was found to be 5.0, at which a maximum H2 production rate (0.64 L H2/h) was obtained, and deviation from the optimal pH could result in substantial reductions in H2 production rate (0.32 L H2/h for pH 4.0 and 0.43 L H2/h for pH 5.6). The results also showed that if pH was not controlled for the batch fermentation process, the substrate utilization efficiency could steeply decrease from 98.8% to 33.7%. 相似文献
786.
Ji-Feng Yang Shi-Biao Zhou An-Guo Xiao Wen-Jun Li Guang-Guo Ying 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):909-916
This paper investigated sulfadiazine oxidation by the Fenton process under various reaction conditions. The reaction conditions tested in the experiments included the initial pH value of reaction solutions, and the dosages of ferrous ions and hydrogen peroxide. Under the reaction conditions with pH 3, 0.25 mM of ferrous ion and 2 mM of hydrogen peroxide, a removal efficiency of nearly 100% was achieved for sulfadiazine. A series of intermediate products including 4-OH-sulfadiazine/or 5-OH-sulfadiazine, 2-aminopyrimidine, sulfanilamide, formic acid, and oxalic acid were identified. Based on these products, the possible oxidation pathway of sulfadiazine by Fenton's reagent was proposed. The toxicity evaluation of reaction solutions showed increased antimicrobial effects following the Fenton oxidation process. The results from this study suggest that the Fenton oxidation process could remove sulfadiazine, but also increase solution toxicity due to the presence of more toxic products. 相似文献
787.
Influence of Spartina alterniflora on the mobility of heavy metals in salt marsh sediments of the Yangtze River Estuary, China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yongjie Wang Limin Zhou Xiangmin Zheng Peng Qian Yonghong Wu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1675-1685
Using bio-disturbed sulphide to trace the mobility and transformation of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the sediments of the Spartina alterniflora-dominated salt marsh in the Yangtze River Estuary, measurements were made of the seasonal variations of acid-volatile sulphide (AVS) and of the simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in the rhizosphere sediments. Microcosm incubation experiments recreating flooding conditions were conducted to evaluate the effect of AVS and other metal binding phases upon the dynamics of Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn in the salt marsh sediments. The results demonstrate that the ratio values of SEM/AVS have a significant seasonal variation in the rhizosphere sediments and that the anoxic conditions in the sediments were likely enhanced by S. alterniflora during the summer and autumn compared with the anoxic conditions resulting from the native species Phragmites australis and Scirpus mariqueter. The incubation experiments suggest that Fe(III) and Mn(IV/III) (hydr)oxides provide important binding sites for heavy metals under oxic conditions, and sulphide provides important binding sites for the Cu and Pb under anoxic conditions. Our observations indicate that the mobility of heavy metals in the salt marsh sediments is strongly influenced by biogeochemical redox processes and that the invasive S. alterniflora may increase the seasonal fluctuation in heavy metal bioavailability in the salt marsh ecosystem. 相似文献
788.
Xuefeng Li Qixing Zhou Yi Luo Guang Yang Tong Zhou 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(2):957-966
Aquatic ecosystems are vulnerable to the exposure with petrochemicals such as toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (o-, m-, and p-xylene) (TEX) and their adverse effects. Considering the widespread use, occurrence, and high toxicity of TEX, the aim of this work was to investigate the differential toxicity of TEX against midge (Chironomus plumosus) larvae and reveal the joint action of binary and ternary mixtures of TEX using the predictive concentration addition model. More importantly, this research can afford the basic toxicity data and scientific reference for the establishment of water quality criteria or benchmark, water pollution control, and aquatic risk assessment. Single and joint toxic effects of TEX on C. plumosus larvae were investigated using a semi-static bioassay, and the type of joint effects of TEX was ascertained. In the single toxicant experiments, the toxicity of the three pollutants could be sequenced as ethylbenzene > xylene > toluene. Specifically, LC50s of T, E, and X after a 48-h exposure were 64.9, 37.8, and 42.0 mg/L, respectively. In the binary mixture experiments, the interaction between toluene and ethylbenzene, ethylbenzene and xylene, and toluene and xylene was largely in conformity with partial additive or additive effect as determined by isobologram representation and toxic unit models. In the ternary mixture experiments, the interaction was basically dependent on the use of additive index and mixture toxicity index methods. However, the antagonistic and synergistic actions were not significant. Thus, the tertiary mixture interaction could be regarded as additive action. The concentration addition model could successfully predict the joint action of TEX mixtures on C. plumosus larvae. Particularly, the additive action of TEX on C. plumosus larvae can be further recommended to evaluate water quality criteria of TEX. 相似文献
789.
Wendan Xiao Huan Wang Tingqiang Li Zhiqiang Zhu Jie Zhang Zhenli He Xiaoe Yang 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(1):380-389
The objective of this study was to develop a bioremediation strategy for cadmium (Cd) and carbendazim co-contaminated soil using a hyperaccumulator plant (Sedum alfredii) combined with carbendazim-degrading bacterial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Paracoccus sp., Flavobacterium and Pseudomonas sp.). A pot experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions for 180 days with S. alfredii and/or carbendazim-degrading strains grown in soil artificially polluted with two levels of contaminants (low level, 1 mg kg?1 Cd and 21 mg kg?1 carbendazim; high level, 6 mg kg?1 Cd and 117 mg kg?1 carbendazim). Cd removal efficiencies were 32.3–35.1 % and 7.8–8.2 % for the low and high contaminant level, respectively. Inoculation with carbendazim-degrading bacterial strains significantly (P?<?0.05) increased Cd removal efficiencies at the low level. The carbendazim removal efficiencies increased by 32.1–42.5 % by the association of S. alfredii with carbendazim-degrading bacterial strains, as compared to control, regardless of contaminant level. Cultivation with S. alfredii and inoculation of carbendazim-degrading bacterial strains increased soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activities and microbial diversities by 46.2–121.3 %, 64.2–143.4 %, and 2.4–24.7 %, respectively. Polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis revealed that S. alfredii stimulated the activities of Flavobacteria and Bradyrhizobiaceae. The association of S. alfredii with carbendazim-degrading bacterial strains enhanced the degradation of carbendazim by changing microbial activity and community structure in the soil. The results demonstrated that association of S. alfredii with carbendazim-degrading bacterial strains is promising for remediation of Cd and carbendazim co-contaminated soil. 相似文献
790.
Li-Na Shi Yan Zhou Zuliang Chen Mallavarapu Megharaj Ravi Naidu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(6):3639-3648
Clays such as kaolin, bentonite and zeolite were evaluated as support material for nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) to simultaneously remove Cu2+ and Zn2+ from aqueous solution. Of the three supported nZVIs, bentonite-supported nZVI (B-nZVI) was most effective in the simultaneous removal of Cu2+ and Zn2+ from a aqueous solution containing a 100 mg/l of Cu2+ and Zn2+, where 92.9 % Cu2+ and 58.3 % Zn2+ were removed. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) revealed that the aggregation of nZVI decreased as the proportion of bentonite increased due to the good dispersion of nZVI, while energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) demonstrated the deposition of copper and zinc on B-nZVI after B-nZVI reacted with Cu2+ and Zn2+. A kinetics study indicated that removing Cu2+ and Zn2+ with B-nZVI accorded with the pseudo first-order model. These suggest that simultaneous adsorption of Cu2+and Zn2+ on bentonite and the degradation of Cu2+and Zn2+ by nZVI on the bentonite. However, Cu2+ removal by B-nZVI was reduced rather than adsorption, while Zn2+ removal was main adsorption. Finally, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+ and total Cr from various wastewaters were removed by B-nZVI, and reusability of B-nZVI with different treatment was tested, which demonstrates that B-nZVI is a potential material for the removal of heavy metals from wastewaters. 相似文献