国外城市垃圾焚烧排放物标准比较

本文综述了国外几个发达国家及公司在城市垃圾焚烧技术中污染物排放的一些标准，可以为国内在设计城市垃圾处理厂及垃圾焚烧炉时提供有益的借鉴。     

江苏新沂市越流含水层的地下水资源评价

中国利用越流含水层作为城市供水水源地的实例并不多见。本文根据实际开采资料,利用伽略金（Ｇａｌｅｒｋｉｎ）有限元法计算当补给层水头变化时越流含水层的地下水资源,并提出水位预测的方法。还利用补给层的水量平衡评价越流含水层开采量的保证程度,预测了新水源地投产后对老水源地的影响。本文对于正确认识越流含水层的地下水资源特性及其在城市供水中的意义有重要参考价值。     

生物膜填料床内废气净化的理论模型

介绍了废气生物净化技术的基本原理，并对废气生物净化技术中的生物过滤法和生物滴滤法的理论模型研究进展进行了综述，探讨了理有理论模型存在的主要问题。     

环渤海地区土壤重金属富集状况及来源分析

土壤是人类赖以生存的基本要素和重要资源.人类活动导致大量重金属富集于土壤中,引起土壤质量下降并通过食物链逐级富集,直接危害人类健康.本研究以环渤海地区农田土壤为例,收集公开发表的数据建立环渤海地区土壤重金属数据库并进行整合分析,计算环渤海地区8种土壤重金属含量,评估重金属的富集程度,预测其生态风险,并探讨重金属的主要来源,旨在为该区域土壤重金属污染防控、治理提供重要信息.结果表明,环渤海地区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As、Ni的含量分别为27.7、71.7、25.1、0.4、57.4、0.1、9.2、25.3 mg·kg~(-1),其中,Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg 4种重金属含量高于中国土壤元素背景值,且Cd、Hg的累积量较大.内梅罗污染指数结果显示,研究区域11.9%的土壤已有重金属污染,另有13.5%的土壤处于重金属污染警戒范围内.Hankanson生态风险评估结果表明,Cd和Hg为中等生态风险,其余重金属为轻度生态风险,25.9%的案例为中度生态风险状态,有少部分案例(3.7%)达到强度生态风险.利用多元统计方法分析重金属来源的结果显示,Zn、Cr、Ni、As主要来源于成土母质;Cu、Pb、Cd、Hg主要受以工业生产、农业活动及交通排放为代表的"人为源"影响.     

浮水草本浮萍对微囊藻毒素影响的试验

研究了在不同处理时间和不同初始微囊藻毒素浓度下,浮萍的生长、光合生理特性以及对微囊藻毒素的去除效果.结果表明,当MC-RR的浓度不超过960 μg·L-1时,浮萍对微囊藻毒素具有很强的耐受性,其光合生理特性不受微囊藻毒素的抑制,并且还可以通过增大生长速度来减小微囊藻毒素对自身的伤害.此外,尽管还没有直接证据表明浮萍能够降解微囊藻毒素,但浮萍确实能够在短时间内有效去除水体中微囊藻毒素,说明浮萍可能在蓝藻水华的生物治理中具有一定的应用前景.     

印染废水的危害及源头治理举措

纺织印染废水是一种水量大、色度高、温度高、组分复杂、水质变动范围大、pH变化大的有机废水.介绍了印染废水的来源及主要特征,指出了印染废水的存在给人类的生存环境带来了安全隐患.解决印染废水的高污染,要从源头治理做起,严格做好源头治理是解决印染废水污染的有效途径.     

Effect of intermittent aeration mode on nitrogen concentration in the water column and sediment pore water of aquaculture ponds

Nitrogen in pond sediments is a major water quality concern and can impact the productivity of aquaculture. Dissolved oxygen is an important factor for improving water quality and boosting fish growth in aquaculture ponds, and plays an important role in the conversion of ammonium-nitrogen (NH₄⁺-N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO₂^?-N) and eventually nitrate-nitrogen (NO₃^?-N). A central goal of the study was to identify the best aeration method and strategy for improving water quality in aquaculture ponds. We conducted an experiment with six tanks, each with a different aeration mode to simulate the behavior of aquaculture ponds. The results show that a 36 hr aeration interval (T_c = 36 hr: 36 hr) and no aeration resulted in high concentrations of NH₄⁺-N in the water column. Using a 12 hr interval time (T_c = 12 hr: 12 hr) resulted in higher NO₂^?-N and NO₃^?-N concentrations than any other aeration mode. Results from an 8 hr interval time (T_c = 8 hr: 8 hr) and 24 hr interval time (T_c = 24 hr: 24 hr) were comparable with those of continuous aeration, and had the benefit of being in use for only half of the time, consequently reducing energy consumption.     

Exploring the formation potential and optical properties of secondary organic aerosol from the photooxidation of selected short aliphatic ethers

Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation potential for six kinds of short aliphatic ethers has been studied. The size distribution, mass concentration, and yield of SOA formed by ethers photooxidation were determined under different conditions. The results showed that all six ethers can generate SOA via reaction with OH radicals even under no seed and NO_x-free condition. The mass concentration for six seedless experiments was less than 10 µg/m³ and the SOA yields were all below 1%. The strong increase in the SOA formation was observed when the system contained ammonium sulfate seed particles, while SOA yield decreased under the high-NO_x condition. SOA composition was analyzed using offline methods. Infrared spectra indicated that there are complex components in the particle-phase including carbonyls acid and aldehydes species. Moreover, the aqueous filter extracts were analyzed using ultraviolet-visible spectrometer and fluorescence spectrophotometer. For the fresh methyl n-butyl ether SOA, the largest absorption peak occurs at 280 nm and there exists slightly absorption in the 300–400 nm. Excitation-emission matrices display the distinct peak at excitation/emission = 470 nm/480 nm according to the fluorescence spectrum. These findings are important considerations of formation for ether SOA that can eventually be included in atmospheric models.     

硫化氢捕消剂的应用试验研究

针对硫化氢气体的特点,研制了在泄漏事故中用于清除硫化氢气体的硫化氢捕消剂;开展了密闭空间和开放空间硫化氢清除应用试验,结果表明,硫化氢捕消剂能够有效地清除泄漏在空气中的硫化氢气体。     

Facile one-step synthesis of functionalized biochar from sustainable prolifera-green-tide source for enhanced adsorption of copper ions

The use of biochars formed by hydrothermal carbonization for the treatment of contaminated water has been greatly limited,due to their poorly developed porosity and low content of surface functional groups.Also,the most common modification routes inevitably require post-treatment processes,which are time-consuming and energy-wasting.Hence,the objective of this research was to produce a cost-effective biochar with improved performance for the treatment of heavy metal pollution through a facile one-step hydrothermal carbonization process coupled with ammonium phosphate,thiocarbamide,ammonium chloride or urea,without any posttreatment.The effects of various operational parameters,including type of modification reagent,time and temperature of hydrothermal treatment,and ratio of modification reagent to precursor during impregnation,on the copper ion adsorption were examined.The adsorption data fit the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model quite well.The maximum adsorption capacities(mg/g) of the biochars towards copper ions followed the order of 40-8 h-1.0-APBC(95.24) 140-8 h-0-BC(12.52) 140-8 h-1.0-TUBC(12.08) 140-8 h-1.0-ACBC(7.440) 140-8 h-1.0-URBC(5.277).The results indicated that biochars modified with ammonium phosphate displayed excellent adsorption performance toward copper ions,which was 7.6-fold higher than that of the pristine biochar.EDX and FT-IR analyses before and after adsorption demonstrated that the main removal mechanism involved complexation between the phosphate groups on the surface of the modified biochars and copper ions.