基于模糊数学方法的资源类企业环境绩效评价——以兰花科创为例

文章阐述了现有环境绩效计量模型的不足,分析统计了国内外有关环境绩效评价的研究成果及手册、指南和法规中高频指标,在此基础上结合环境指标和财务指标建立了资源企业环境绩效评价体系,运用层次分析法和模糊数学的方法对兰花科创进行实证研究,得出其综合评价结果为82.558分,应控制用水量和减少烟尘的排放。以期将企业为环境所作的贡献量化,促进可持续发展战略在企业的具体实践。     

高锰酸钾强化PAC混凝处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体试验研究

以浙江省温州市温瑞塘河某河段黑臭地表水为研究对象,考察高锰酸钾强化PAC混凝工艺的除污效能,获得处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体的最佳工艺条件,为恢复河流水体生态自净功能提供基础。试验结果表明,高锰酸钾的最优投加方式为在混凝剂PAC前投加,最佳预氧化时间5 min,最佳投加量1.5 mg/L。将本实验得出的最优混凝处理条件应用于温瑞塘河实际黑臭水体的处理时发现,处理后水质明显改善,此表明高锰酸钾强化混凝应急处理温瑞塘河黑臭水体是切实可行的,可为实际的应急处理工艺提供了理论依据和技术指导。     

上海市工业固体废物处理处置现状分析

详细分析了上海市一般工业固体废物及工业危险废物的产生及处理处置现状,提出:一般工业固废主要以资源化利用为主,危废处置企业实行末位淘汰,实现清洁生产;加强国家提倡的"三位一体"综合处理项目建设,实现集中处理、集中监管,降低运营成本;加强工业危废产生企业申报登记及转移的网络信息化管理,杜绝监管盲区。     

基于资源环境承载力的全国造纸工业类型区划分研究

本文从造纸行业特征、资源消耗、污染物排放等方面入手,结合区域资源环境承载力,分析行业发展可能带来的环境污染问题.分析造纸行业发展与其所需主要资源间的空间布局关系,明确选定行业发展的资源、环境和生态制约条件.结合造纸行业特点,从环境约束、生态约束和资源约束入手,构建其环境管理类型区划分的指标体系;采用层次分析法、灰色定权聚类分析等方法对分区数据进行必要处理,采用二维判断矩阵法等方法进行环境管理类型区划分,对实施针对造纸行业分区域、分类别、差别化的环境管理提供了决策依据和方法基础.     

我国城乡居民环境维权方式调查分析——以大学生实践及调查问卷为样本

严重的环境污染势必会带来对公民财产和人身的损害。为探寻我国城乡居民环境维权的具体方式,选择了一些地区对其进行了调查。通过调查资料及现场调查内容的汇总分析,发现：不同维权方式、不同的雏权群体、不同环境污染（或生态破坏）类型、不同的环境污染（或生态破坏）的认知度等情形下,会有不同环境维权方式;在环境维权中,公民对政府的依赖性较大;公民理性维权需要政府与相关主体的引导。     

高径比对猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器的影响

采用填料鼓泡塔反应器研究其高径比对猪场废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联过程的影响,比较了3种不同高径比(8∶1、3∶1、2∶1)反应器的废水脱氮与沼气脱硫效能.在温度30～32℃、空塔停留时间6.70 min、水力停留时间3.35 d、沼气中H2 S浓度1 414～1 838 mg.m-3、进水NO x--N浓度114～243 mg.L-1的条件下,高径比2∶1反应器的运行较稳定,且处理效果较好,硫化氢去除率平均值为96.7%,NO x--N去除率平均值达到88.7%;而高径比8∶1和3∶1反应器的运行不太稳定,硫化氢去除率的平均值分别为68.0%、80.4%,NO x--N的去除率平均值分别为89.7%、90.2%.主要是因为高径比2∶1反应器的实际气速(3.12×10-2 m.s-1)比高径比3∶1、8∶1反应器的实际气速(分别为3.62×10-2 m.s-1和6.64×10-2 m.s-1)更慢,其气液传质系数(1.79×10-5 s-1)比高径比3∶1、8∶1反应器的气液传质系数(分别为1.64×10-5 s-1和1.55×10-5 s-1)更大,传质效果更好.处理效能试验结果以及反应器流体力学特征参数均表明,高径比2∶1反应器为最适合的反应器.     

从内审策划准备入手提高内审质量

企业建立HSE管理体系并通过认证后,只能表明所建立的体系满足了HSE体系标准的基本要求.实践证明,在体系运行中,还是会出现这样或那样的问题,如果没有一个不断发现问题、解决问题并不断完善和改进的机制,就会使HSE管理体系运行困难,最终导致HSE管理体系名存实亡.     

东莞市蔬菜基地土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素的污染特征研究

抗生素作为新兴环境污染物在区域农业土壤污染特征研究中鲜见报道.本文利用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,调查了东莞市18个区镇24个代表性蔬菜基地土壤中喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)的含量与分布特征.结果表明,4种喹诺酮类化合物的检出率均在90%以上,以环丙沙星(平均含量24.93μg·kg-1)和恩诺沙星(平均含量...     

Effect of nutrient conditions on the toxicity of naphthalene to Chlorella pyrenoidosa

The toxicity of naphthalene to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, and the subsequent recovery of algae from the damage were investigated under two nutrient conditions, either enriched with nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), or starved of N and P. Results showed that C. pyrenoidosa was more sensitive to naphthalene under N,P-enriched condition, and the inhibitory rate generally increased at first and then decreased gradually with the evaporation of naphthalene under both nutrient conditions. Enriched N, P reduced the inhibitory rate at initial naphthalene concentration of 5 and 10 mg/L, but enhanced it at 100 mg/L, at which more severe ultrastructure damages were found than those under N,P-starved condition. Observed damages included partly or totally disappearance of nucleolus, nuclear, and plasma membranes. According to the chlorophyll content and cell density measurements, C. pyrenoidosa could recover from naphthalene damage with initial concentrations 6 50 mg/L in 7 days under both nutrient conditions, while they could not recover if the initial concentration of naphthalene was at 100 mg/L. Under the N,P-starved condition, the inability of C. pyrenoidosa to recover from the naphthalene damage was consistent with the results of high inhibitory rate, low value of specific growth rate (SGR, 0.05 day??1), and the severe destruction of cell structure. However, under the N,P-enriched conditions, the observed lower inhibitory rate, higher value of SGR (0.55 day??1), and the intact cell structure of most cells suggested that algae could potentially recover from the naphthalene damage.     

Mobilities and leachabilities of heavy metals in sludge with humus soil

Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28 days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8).