碳化泡沫负载Co3O4活化过硫酸盐降解罗丹明B

Co₃O₄具有优良的活化过硫酸盐的性能而受到人们的重视,但Co₃O₄粉体易团聚、使用过程中难以分离、易流失和重复利用率差等问题严重制约了其实际应用．通过水热法制备碳化三聚氰胺泡沫负载Co₃O₄非均相催化剂．采用X-射线衍射仪（XRD）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对催化剂的结构和表面形貌进行分析．研究不同因素对催化剂活化过硫酸氢钾（PMS）降解罗丹明B（RhB）的性能．其最优催化工艺参数：催化剂投加量为35 mg·L^-1、PMS质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1和pH为7、RhB初始质量浓度为10 mg·L^-1,30 min反应后对RhB降解率为98%．结果表明,增大碳化泡沫负载Co₃O₄非均相催化剂投加量和PMS质量浓度能明显提高对RhB的降解率;而增加RhB初始质量浓度和提高pH值会明显抑制RhB的降解率．催化反应过程符合准一级动力学方程．温度对RhB降...     

重庆市主城区大气中NO2浓度时空分布特征

利用2017年1月1日～2017年12月31日重庆市主城区17个国控空气质量监测站24 h自动连续采样的二氧化氮(NO_2)浓度小时数据,探讨九个主城区大气中NO_2浓度的时空分布特征、与气象参数之间的关系和气团运动的影响。结果表明,主城区大气NO_2浓度全年北碚区达标率较高(76.16%),渝中区达标率低(3.84%),日均浓度呈夏季前下降、夏季后上升的趋势;月均浓度表现为冬季月份浓度高,其次为春季、秋季和夏季月份;周六、周日、周一和周二的浓度均值较高,周三、周四和周五的较低;小时浓度基本呈5:00～11:00和16:00～20:00上升、其余时间段下降的变化趋势;大气NO_2浓度空间分布差异显著,西北地区(北碚)大气NO_2浓度偏低、渝中区及其附近区域浓度偏高。影响大气中的NO_2浓度的主要气象因素有:气温、降水量、气压、日照和相对湿度;四季气流输送中,春冬季气流轨迹相似,主要源自西部、西北部气流,春季气流轨迹的ρ(NO_2)最高,夏季最低。研究结果可为今后重庆市大气的治理提供研究基础。     

锑矿开采条件下矿井水酸化过程分析

矿山开采过程产生的酸性排水及其携带的重金属对生态环境造成了严重的危害,其防控的关键在于控酸,因此矿井水酸化过程的解析可为矿山酸性排水的源头防控提供理论依据。本文以独山半坡锑矿为研究区,采集矿井内部不同区域水体样品32件,通过对水体酸化的矿物端元解析和重金属的共氧化过程、离子水解过程以及不同类型矿井水的混合过程分析,揭示了矿井水的酸化过程。结果表明,矿井内辉锑矿与黄铁矿的氧化使流经的矿井水具有低p H和高硫酸根的特征,与未受矿业活动影响的地下水具有明显差异。在矿井水流动过程中,Sb(Ⅲ)与Fe(Ⅱ)的共氧化过程消耗了氢离子,不同水体混合过程中碳酸氢根对酸的缓冲作用明显,以上过程延缓了矿井水的酸化;由于水体酸化使Al、Mn、Fe等离子溶出,而这些离子可能发生的水解过程加速了矿井水的酸化。     

新农药环境化学行为研究(V)-—三氟羧草醚(Acifluorfen)在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋｆ＝０．９４Ｗｏｍ＋０．６５Ｗｃｌａｙ－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ＾２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与ＣＵ＾２＋形成的双核桥联合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在〈     

纳米碳化钨对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响

为评价纳米碳化钨的水生态毒理效应,以模式生物斑马鱼胚胎为研究对象,观察了纳米碳化钨对斑马鱼胚胎发育的影响.结果表明,<2g/L的纳米碳化钨悬液对斑马鱼胚胎的正常发育和成活没有任何影响.在3g/L的极高浓度下,纳米碳化钨处理24~96h导致31%的幼鱼出现各种发育畸形,33%的幼鱼死亡,但仍有36%的幼鱼发育和活动均正常.通过与受精后5h及30h开始纳米碳化钨暴露的实验组相比,发现受精后24h是斑马鱼胚胎对纳米碳化钨处理最敏感的时期.胚胎卵膜的人工提前去除可以削弱纳米碳化钨对斑马鱼胚胎发育的不良影响.     

南京市大气PM2.5时空分布特征与潜在源区贡献分析

对2017年南京市区7个自动空气质量监测点的PM_(2.5)质量浓度ρ(PM_(2.5))数据进行分析,采用克里金(Kringing)空间插值法、气流运动轨迹聚类、潜在源贡献因子法(PSCF)和浓度权重轨迹分析法(CWT)探讨了四季大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))的时空分布特征和潜在来源。结果显示,四季大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))均值由高到低依次为冬季(65. 54μg/m~3)、春季(41. 70μg/m~3)、秋季(35. 18μg/m~3)和夏季(23. 56μg/m~3),秦淮区四季大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))均最高。春季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))易受黄海海岸和北方大陆性输送气流的影响,来自黄海方向的气流轨迹2贡献比例达51. 65%,对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))为50. 91μg/m~3;夏季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))主要受江苏、东部海洋和南部沿海城市输送气流的影响,其中源自江苏的气流轨迹1对南京大气PM_(2.5)贡献比例最大(33. 64%),气流轨迹对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))为35μg/m~3;秋季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))易受短距离的偏北气流影响,来自山西南部,河南中部、安徽中部的气流轨迹5对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))最高,出现概率(21. 11%)和贡献比例(27. 81%)均较高;冬季南京大气中ρ(PM_(2.5))主要受北方大陆性输送气流影响,来自俄罗斯、蒙古国东部、河北北部、北京、天津、山东中部的长距离气流轨迹4对应的ρ(PM_(2.5))最高,达109. 8μg/m~3,其贡献比例为26. 86%。PSCF和CWT分析发现,安徽、山东、浙江与江苏交界和黄海海岸是影响南京市空气质量的主要潜在源区,此外,湖北、北京、天津以及渤海海岸也是南京大气PM_(2.5)的潜在源区。     

Awareness,riding behaviors,and legislative attitudes toward electric bikes among two types of road users: An investigation in Tianjin,a municipality in China

Objective: This study aimed to understand the awareness, riding behaviors, and legislative attitudes of electric bike (e-bike) users and non-e-bike road users toward e-bikes in Tianjin, a municipality in China.

Methods: This cross-sectional investigation included 2 components. The field survey was conducted in 9 districts (4 urban and 5 rural) from 2015 to 2017. Adult participants were interviewed using a street intercept method. The online survey was conducted using the WeChat social platform. A series of questions related to awareness and practice of e-bike safety-related issues was asked.

Results: A total of 16,859 interviews were completed, including 1,653 (794 e-bike users and 859 other road users) in-person interviews by field survey and 15,206 (4,426 e-bike users and 10,780 other road users) by online survey. Except for ignoring a red light when making a left turn (P?=?.000) and waiting across the white line at a red light (P?=?.000), which e-bike users were lower than other road users, there were no significant differences between e-bike users and other road users in regards to the correct awareness rate of riding in the opposite direction, riding in a motor vehicle lane, running red lights, jaywalking, speeding, carrying adult passengers, and riding on the expressway (P?>?.05). In addition, 74.2% of e-bike users considered helmet use necessary (P?=?.000) and 54.7% thought that installing a windshield is wrong (P?=?.000), which was higher than other road users (49.1 and 48.4%, respectively). Other road users had greater awareness than e-bike users regarding whether turning left at a red light is wrong (91.7 vs. 85.1%), waiting across the white line when the light is red is wrong (86.6 vs. 75.9%), lighs should be turned on at night (94.8 vs. 90.3%). Correct practices were far behind awareness in all kinds of violation behaviors (P?=?.000) among e-bike users in the field survey. The rate of public support for legislation including those who very much support and support legislation was 93.34% in the field survey and 87.68% in the online survey.

Conclusions: E-bike users had lower correct awareness rate than other road users regarding e-bike violation behaviors but were more concerned about safety protection than other road users. E-bike users’ correct practices were far behind their awareness for all kinds of violation behaviors. Public education on the traffic law needs to be strengthened among e-bike users. The public strongly supported special regulations for e-bike use, such as helmet use.     

成都市基地蔬菜品种结构、供求指数及上市期气候分析

根据成都市1991～2000年基地蔬菜历年上市量与同期气象资料进行统计分析表明,如人均日占有量250g,全年供应均衡;如人均日供应量400g,则全年缺菜13.3万t,其中3～4月、9～10月为淡季,且上市期主要集中在5～9月.本研究为成都市蔬菜品种、产业结构调整决策提供依据.     

基于ADMS和线性规划的区域大气环境容量测算

基于ADMS-Urban和线性规划模型,构建了浓度－排放量反推模式,从区域自然生态环境和污染气象特征出发,以区域大气环境质量保护目标为约束条件,结合虚拟点源法测算区域大气环境容量.以北京市通州区进行案例分析,根据当地自然环境与污染气象特征等信息,在环境质量目标约束条件下,应用该方法测算出通州区的SO₂环境容量为41 311 t/a;但其空间分布极为不均,主要分布于建成区以外的乡镇,建成区的环境容量较小.由于通州区SO₂排放主要集中在采暖期的建成区,尽管全区的SO₂年排放量远小于其环境容量,但是仍然在建成区造成了严重污染.