微电解-混凝法处理抛光液废水

采用微电解-混凝处理抛光液废水,考察了铁水比、进水pH值、铁炭比、振荡时间对微电解处理效果的影响.通过单因素实验与正交实验找出了影响较大的因素,进水pH、铁水比、振荡时间都对去除率影响较大.最佳微电解条件为铁水比为0.375,进水pH为3,铁炭比为1∶1,振荡时间为150 min.同时,当混凝剂硫酸亚铁的投加量为160 mg/L、三氯化铁的投加量为20 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到83.8％,金属铜离子去除率可达到96％.     

人工湿地基质对 NH+4-N 吸附性能简

为研究建筑废物红砖和工业废物煤渣用作人工湿地脱氮基质的可行性,分别通过静态吸附实验和动态NH₄⁺-N去除效果实验进行考察。结果表明,红砖和煤渣对NH₄⁺-N最大静态吸附量分别为0.2533 mg/g和0.0533 mg/g,其吸附等温曲线均符合Freundlich型吸附方程,吸附常数分别为0.0419和0.0091;红砖煤渣组合对污水中NH₄⁺-N平均动态脱除率达到41.18%,高于红砖的37.63%和煤渣的30.92%。     

Fenton-混凝法处理苯胺废水

农药生产过程中产生的苯胺废水,COD浓度高、生物毒性强、可生化性差,一般生化方法很难处理。研究了Fenton与PAC联用处理苯胺废水。结果表明,Fenton氧化处理苯胺废水在最佳条件为pH=6、m（H2O2）/m（COD）=1.8、n（H2O2）/n（Fe2＋）=8时,COD和色度去除率分别为78.4%和92.3%。Fenton氧化后废水B/C值由0.037提高到0.324。最佳条件下联用PAC,在投加量为320 mg/L时COD与色度去除率分别为83.6%和94.8%,并且处理时间显著缩短,实际应用中可减少水力停留时间和构筑物体积。     

青海门源地区O3浓度水平及影响因子分析

为研究高原背景地区O_3的浓度水平,于2013年9月13日至2013年10月14日期间,在国家大气背景站青海门源站开展了为期32天的观测。观测结果显示,门源地区O_3小时浓度均值为115.0±22.6μg/m3,低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)中O_3小时平均浓度限值的一级标准(160μg/m3)。通过分析O_3和NOx实时浓度在一天24小时内随时间变化的特征序列,发现在多数观测天内O_3和NOx呈现此消彼长的变化规律,表明O_3主要来自有NOx参与的光化学反应;另有几天NOx和O_3的浓度出现同峰同谷的现象,推测这种变化主要是大气运动传输造成的。相关性分析表明,臭氧浓度与温度、湿度、风速、SO2、NOx以及CO的浓度都显著相关(P0.01);多元线性回归分析表明O_3与温度、湿度、气压、风速的关系近似符合Y=0.630T-0.192H-0.004P-0.091W+196.039,拟合结果与真值误差2.88%。综上分析,门源地区O_3浓度水平较低,但在高温低湿、风速较高、NOx浓度较低的情况下,O_3容易积累,O_3浓度主要受光化学反应和大气运动传输过程两个因素影响。     

济南市北沙河水环境综合整治研究

通过对济南市北沙河污染与生态破坏的原因进行分析,在将北沙河流域作为一个生态系统进行考虑的基础上,通过对北沙河林木生态系统、地下水和地表水的水质保护、地表水强烈渗漏、补给地下水功能以及河岸带湿地保护措施,提出了实施北沙河水环境综合整治,实现水体水质良好、生态功能完善的方案.     

河北省太阳能产业可持续发展对策研究

针对太阳能产业发展现状,找出河北省太阳能产业发展过程中存在的问题,如产业环节附加值低、产用不平衡、缺乏激励政策、存在技术难题和污染、运维管理跟不上等。借鉴国内外成功经验,从光热和光电平衡发展、加大科技投入、加强政策和机制建设、实施多元化模式、控制产业污染、培养专业的运维队伍等几方面提出河北省太阳能产业可持续发展的对策。     

A preliminary investigation on the occurrence and distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the Beijiang River, South China

The occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) was investigated and quantified in 20 water samples collected in the Beijiang River, South China. Sulfonamide- and tetracycline-resistant bacteria were present in 17 and 14 of the collected 20 samples. For sulfonamide ARGs, sulI and sulII were frequently observed in the Beijiang River. The levels of sulI were higher than sulII (p < 0.05), with the mean values of (1.41 ± 1.12) × 10-2 and (1.58 ± 1.71) × 10-3 copies/16S rDNA, respectively. For tetracycline ARGs, tetG had the highest frequency, 100%, followed by tetA (85%), tetO (85%), tetC (70%), tetX (60%), tetM (40%) and tetQ (20%), while tetE and tetS were not detected in all the samples from the Beijiang River. On the other hand, tetC had the highest concentration, ranging from 8.30 × 10-2 to 13.20 copies/16S rDNA. The poor correlation between ARGs and antibiotic concentrations revealed that the self-amplification and persistence of ARGs were the reasons that made ARGs exist in the water environment even though the antibiotic selecting pressure was absent. Because so few field measurements have been conducted for investigating the levels of ARGs in rivers in South China, this study provides an important insight on better understanding the occurrence and spread of ARGs in such an ecosystem.     

多级厌氧缺氧好氧活性污泥法新工艺研究

多级厌氧缺氧好氧活性污泥法是由若干个厌氧缺氧好氧串联的形式组成,利用分段厌氧进水,形成多级厌氧-缺氧和多级缺氧-好氧同时交替运行,具有反硝化除磷和高效脱氮功能,采用无内回流技术,通过调节流量比值实现强化除磷与强化脱氮的控制目标,并具有污泥浓度高、抗冲击能力强、污泥减量、优化利用碳源、节省运行能耗和曝气量等特点,是节能型高效除磷脱氮新工艺,为城市污水高效除磷脱氮提供新的思路及途径。     

近海富营养化的结果与对策

本文综述了国内外有关近海海水富营养经的结果及对策方面的研究成果，对引起近海海水富营养化和外在因素进行了分析与总结。对其可能造成的正面及负面结果进行了逐个剖析，并在此基础上提出了防止健康水体发生富营养化的措施及对已经发生富营养化的水体应采取的切实可行的政策上和和科学上的（物理的、化学的和生物的）对策。     

Enhancing nitrogen removal from low carbon to nitrogen ratio wastewater by using a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor

Removing nitrogen from wastewater with low chemical oxygen demand/total nitrogen (COD/TN) ratio is a difficult task due to the insufficient carbon source available for denitrification. Therefore, in the present work, a novel sequencing batch biofilm reactor (NSBBR) was developed to enhance the nitrogen removal from wastewater with low COD/TN ratio. The NSBBR was divided into two units separated by a vertical clapboard. Alternate feeding and aeration was performed in the two units, which created an anoxic unit with rich substrate content and an aeration unit deficient in substrate simultaneously. Therefore, the utilization of the influent carbon source for denitrification was increased, leading to higher TN removal compared to conventional SBBR (CSBBR) operation. The results show that the CSBBR removed up to 76.8%, 44.5% and 10.4% of TN, respectively, at three tested COD/TN ratios (9.0, 4.8 and 2.5). In contrast, the TN removal of the NSBBR could reach 81.9%, 60.5% and 26.6%, respectively, at the corresponding COD/TN ratios. Therefore, better TN removal performance could be achieved in the NSBBR, especially at low COD/TN ratios (4.8 and 2.5). Furthermore, it is easy to upgrade a CSBBR into an NSBBR in practice.