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201.
Jun Dong Mingjiang Ni Yong Chi Daoan Zou Chao Fu 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(8):5512-5524
In China, the continuously increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) has resulted in an urgent need for changing the current municipal solid waste management (MSWM) system based on mixed collection. A pilot program focusing on source-separated MSW collection was thus launched (2010) in Hangzhou, China, to lessen the related environmental loads. And greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (Kyoto Protocol) are singled out in particular. This paper uses life cycle assessment modeling to evaluate the potential environmental improvement with regard to GHG emissions. The pre-existing MSWM system is assessed as baseline, while the source separation scenario is compared internally. Results show that 23 % GHG emissions can be decreased by source-separated collection compared with the base scenario. In addition, the use of composting and anaerobic digestion (AD) is suggested for further optimizing the management of food waste. 260.79, 82.21, and ?86.21 thousand tonnes of GHG emissions are emitted from food waste landfill, composting, and AD, respectively, proving the emission reduction potential brought by advanced food waste treatment technologies. Realizing the fact, a modified MSWM system is proposed by taking AD as food waste substitution option, with additional 44 % GHG emissions saved than current source separation scenario. Moreover, a preliminary economic assessment is implemented. It is demonstrated that both source separation scenarios have a good cost reduction potential than mixed collection, with the proposed new system the most cost-effective one. 相似文献
202.
在低于100℃温度条件下,采用溶胶-凝胶法以钛酸正丁酯为钛源,碘酸钾为碘源,制备了I掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂(I-TiO2),运用X-射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)及X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,TiO2及I-TiO2催化剂均为锐钛矿,I吸附并包裹在TiO2表面或以间隙进入的形式存在,并未进入TiO2晶格。通过在可见光照射下(λ>420 nm)以罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)的光催化降解为探针反应研究了在不同条件下制备催化剂的催化性能,结果表明,掺杂比为nI:nTi=0.05∶1,焙烧温度为400℃,降解介质条件pH=7时,I-TiO2光催化活性明显优于未掺杂的TiO2。光催化降解过程通过红外光谱(IR),总有机碳(TOC)跟踪测定,比较了TiO2掺杂前后降解RhB和对氯苯酚(4-CP)的光催化特性差异;同时采用苯甲酸荧光光度法跟踪测定体系中的氧化物种,表明在可见光下,I-TiO2光催化体系中产生.OH高活性氧化物种从而氧化降解目标化合物。 相似文献
203.
气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理原水的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
针对从臭氧-活性炭工艺中开发出来的预臭氧-曝气生物活性炭,在不同气水比工况下进行实验,分析了不同气水比对曝气生物活性炭处理微污染原水的影响与作用。结果表明:在滤速为8~12 m/h,空床接触时间为11.5~15.4 min,装填密度为510 g/L条件下,不同气水比对去除氨氮的影响大于对CODMn的影响。气水比为0.3∶1时,对氨氮浓度为1.65~2.10 mg/L范围的进水平均去除率为81.9%,亚硝酸盐氮平均积累率为1.4%,CODMn去除率为70.6%。当气水比逐渐增加时,氨氮平均去除率有所提高,亚硝酸盐氮积累率则有所下降,对较低浓度的CODMn影响不大。 相似文献
204.
Ozonation of azo dye Acid Red 14 in a microporous tube-in-tube microchannel reactor: decolorization and mechanism 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Despite the great success of time-weighted average passive sampling of hydrophobic contaminants, such as PCBs and PAHs, the sampling of polar organic compounds still presents a challenge because the equilibrium between water and most sampling phases is attained in a relatively short time. In this study, we proposed a new time-integrative sampler using in situ solvent extraction (TISIS) for polar organic chemicals. The sampler was composed of a 15 cm poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) tubing, with an internal diameter of 0.5 mm and wall thickness of 0.5 mm, through which an extraction solvent (acetonitrile) was passed. Four polar organic contaminants, caffeine, atrazine, diuron and 17α-ethynylestradiol, were chosen for the evaluation of the performance of the sampler. Without the use of in situ solvent extraction, the PDMS tubing when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration of the four model compounds was able to linearly accumulate those compounds for less than 12 h and equilibrium between the PDMS tubing and water was attained in 2 d under our laboratory conditions. However, TISIS when exposed to a constant aqueous concentration was able to linearly accumulate all the model compounds without any exposure time limitation. The measured sampling rates at three different extraction flow rates (0.2, 0.5, 1.5 mL min−1) were similar, regardless of the chemicals, indicating that the overall mass transfer from aqueous solution to the extraction solvent was most likely dominated by partitioning to the PDMS tubing and the internal diffusion within PDMS. In addition, a pulsed exposure experiment confirmed that TISIS operated in a time-integrative mode when the environmental concentration was highly fluctuated. 相似文献
205.
葡萄酒副产品深度利用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了葡萄皮渣、葡萄籽、酒脚的深度利用途径:葡萄皮渣可用于酿酒、酿醋、提取色素和多酚、吸附重金属;葡萄籽可以提取葡萄籽油、葡萄籽蛋白和抗氧化物质;酒脚可以提取酒石酸盐。开展葡萄酒副产品的深度利用,不仅可以获得良好的经济效益,而且可有效减轻环保压力,获得巨大的社会效益。 相似文献
206.
Huang H Zou C Cao J Tsang P 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2011,61(11):1262-1272
A study of carbonaceous aerosol was initiated in Nanchang, a city in eastern China, for the first time. Daily and diurnal (daytime and nighttime) PM2.5 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =2.5 microm) samples were collected at an outdoor site and in three different indoor environments (common office, special printing and copying office, and student dormitory) in a campus of Nanchang University during summer 2009 (5-20 June). Daily PM10 (particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter < or =10 microm) samples were collected only at the outdoor site, whereas PM2.5 samples were collected at both indoor and outdoor sites. Loaded PM2.5 and PM10 samples were analyzed for organic and elemental carbon (OC, EC) by thermal/optical reflectance following the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments-Advanced (IMPROVE-A) protocol. Ambient mass concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in Nanchang were compared with the air quality standards in China and the United States, and revealed high air pollution levels in Nanchang. PM2.5 accounted for about 70% of PM10, but the ratio of OC and EC in PM2.5 to that in PM10 was higher than 80%, which indicated that OC and EC were mainly distributed in the fine particles. The variations of carbonaceous aerosol between daytime and nighttime indicated that OC was released and formed more rapidly in daytime than in nighttime. OC/EC ratios were used to quantify secondary organic carbon (SOC). The differences in SOC and SOC/OC between daytime and nighttime were useful in interpreting the secondary formation mechanism. The results of (1) OC and EC contributions to PM2.5 at indoor sites and the outdoor site; (2) indoor-outdoor correlation of OC and EC; (3) OC-EC correlation; and (4) relative contributions of indoor and outdoor sources to indoor carbonaceous aerosol indicated that OC indoor sources existed in indoor sites, with the highest OC emissions in I2 (the special printing and copying office), and that indoor EC originated from outdoor sources. The distributions of eight carbon fractions in emissions from the printer and copier showed obviously high OC1 (>20%) and OC2 (approximately 30%), and obviously low EC1-OP (a pyrolyzed carbon fraction) (<10%), when compared with other sources. 相似文献
207.
208.
209.
Quantifying the Effect of Ecological Restoration on Soil Erosion in China’s Loess Plateau Region: An Application of the MMF Approach 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Changbin Li Jiaguo Qi Zhaodong Feng Runsheng Yin Biyun Guo Feng Zhang Songbing Zou 《Environmental management》2010,45(3):476-487
Land degradation due to erosion is one of the most serious environmental problems in China. To reduce land degradation, the
government has taken a number of conservation and restoration measures, including the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP),
which was launched in 1999. A logical question is whether these measures have reduced soil erosion at the regional level.
The objective of this article is to answer this question by assessing soil erosion dynamics in the Zuli River basin in the
Loess Plateau of China from 1999 to 2006. The MMF (Morgan, Morgan and Finney) model was used to simulate changes in runoff
and soil erosion over the period of time during which ecological restoration projects were implemented. Some model variables
were derived from remotely sensed images to provide improved land surface representation. With an overall accuracy rate of
0.67, our simulations show that increased ground vegetation cover, especially in forestlands and grasslands, has reduced soil
erosion by 38.8% on average from 1999 to 2006. During the same time period, however, the change in rainfall pattern has caused
a 13.1% ± 4.3% increase in soil erosion, resulting in a net 25.7% ± 8.5% reduction in soil erosion. This suggests that China’s
various ecological restoration efforts have been effective in reducing soil loss. 相似文献
210.
MBR—NF处理印染废水 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
采用MBR—纳滤(MBR—NF)组合工艺处理印染废水。运行结果表明:MBR出水的COD、ρ(NH3-N)和TN分别为94,0.93,8.88mg/L,COD、NH3-N和TN的平均去除率分别为87%、95.8%和70.2%,出水水质满足GB4287—92《纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准》中的一级标准;再经NF处理后出水COD、色度、ρ(总Fe)、ρ(总Mn)和pH分别为11~30mg/L、2.3~7.4倍、0.065~0.095mg/L、0mg/L和8.06~8.21,水质可满足印染工艺回用要求。 相似文献