沸腾炉大气污染物的生成与排放特征分析

以20台沸腾炉(功率小于等于60 MW)的燃料特性分析数据和大气污染物的排放实测数据为基础,利用统计分析方法,研究了燃烧过程中排放的颗粒物(PM)、SO_2和NO_x初始排放浓度的影响因素,分析了沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放现状,探讨了我国中小型沸腾炉PM、SO_2和NO_x排放管理控制的潜力和可行性.实验结果表明:在锅炉运行负荷大于等于80%的条件下,中小型沸腾炉PM的初始排放浓度基本上不受锅炉出力、过量空气系数和燃煤灰分含量的影响;燃煤的硫含量越高,SO_2初始排放浓度越高;过量空气系数越大,燃煤挥发分越低,NO_x初始排放浓度越高.     

A GIS tool to estimate West Nile virus risk based on a degree-day model

West Nile virus (Flaviviridae: Flavivirus) is a serious infectious disease that recently spread across the North America continent. A spatial analysis tool was developed on the ArcMap 9.x platform to estimate potential West Nile virus activity using a spatially explicit degree-day model. The model identifies when the virus Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) is completed within the vector longevity during mid-summer months. The EIP is treated as a threshold indicator of the potential for virus emergence and activity. Comparing the number of West Nile virus cases in Wyoming reported from 2003 to 2005 with model results, actual cases and predicted events of West Nile virus activity match relatively well. The model represents a useful method for estimating potential West Nile virus activity in a large spatial scale.     

氧化偶氮胂M褪色光度法测定微量锰的研究

在酸性介质中,Ｍｎ（Ⅶ）强的氧化性对偶氮胂Ｍ有褪色作用,借此进行吸光光度法测定微量锰的研究。实验表明,在１８～２７ｍｏｌ／ＬＨ２ＳＯ４介质中,有色溶液的最大吸收波长为５４０ｎｍ,表观摩尔吸光系数为１８３×１０４Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·ｃｍ,锰量在０～１４μｇ／ｍｌ范围内与有色溶液吸光度的减少值呈线性关系。方法简单快速、选择性好、准确度高,灵敏度是高锰酸盐法的近８倍,可用于测定水样、地质样品中的微量锰。在测定某些地质样品中的微量锰时,结果满意。     

零价铝/酸体系对活性黑染料的降解

利用铝粉研究了零价铝/酸(zero valent-aluminum acid system)体系对活性黑5染料的降解效果,并采用Design-expert 8.0软件对单因素和因素之间的交互作用进行分析。结果表明,零价铝/酸体系对活性黑5脱色效果较好;在p H为0.87、温度为34.4℃、铝粉投加量为1.2 g/L,转速为160 r/min时,反应8 h后,活性黑去除率达到94.89%。采用响应面法和排列图分析,p H和温度是影响活性黑溶液去除率的主要因素,并通过UV-Vis光谱分析,对活性黑在零价铝/酸体系的降解规律进行了初步探讨。     

Activation of peroxymonosulfate by catalysts derived from water treatment plant sludge for the simultaneous removal of Disperse Blue 56 and phosphates

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - In this study, calcined water treatment plant sludge (C-WTPS) was used as a catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation to simultaneously remove...     

Restoration of taxonomic and functional genes after bioaugmentation of petroleum contaminated soil

Soil microbial ecosystems are responsive to environmental changes that underpin the biological functions of the soil. The present study was conducted to profile variations in the microbial ecological system of remediated soil (R) and petroleum contaminated soil (P) based on comparisons with soil that had not been contaminated (N), using a cloning library of taxonomic genes (16S rRNA gene for bacteria and 18S rRNA gene for eukaryotes) and functional genes (nifH, amoA and narG). The results showed that N and R had a similar distribution in both the taxonomic genes and functional genes for bacteria and eukaryotes, which were dominated by Proteobacteria and Arthropoda, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nifH gene showed that the sequences from the three soils were clustered into six taxonomic groups, Actinobacteridae, and Alpha-, Beta-, Gamma- and Delta-proteobacteria, as well as an unclassified group. Evaluation of the amoA gene revealed that all sequences derived from the three samples belonged to Betaproteobacteria. The R and N soil had similar Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') values, both of which were significantly higher than that of the P soil. The most abundant bacterial phylotype identified in the N and R soils were the same and were related to an uncultured bacterial clone (GAN-SB17, FN423475). None of the narG genes were found in the P soil. Similar results in terms of distribution, composition and the related index were obtained for nifH and amoA. These parameters may comprise a biological ecology index that may be applied to aid the design, implementation and evaluation of soil bioremediation.     

洋浦港区海域溢油环境风险评价的实践分析及其对策

通过洋浦港区的海域溢油风险评价模型,在一定的环境条件与评价参数下,预测洋浦港区的码头前沿船舶碰撞原油泄漏、成品油码头操作泄漏在三种主要不利环境组合条件下的环境风险影响行为,探讨港区环境风险的发生途径、影响过程及影响方式,分析溢油事故对洋浦海域渔业、海岸带贝类资源、洋浦盐业、洋浦海洋生态的影响以及间接对人体的危害的风险影响后果。最后,针对实践分析,提出海上溢油环境风险的防范措施。对洋浦港区的海洋生态环境的保护具有指导性与实践性的意义。     

络合萃取法处理H酸、T酸生产废水

采用络合萃取法,以三辛胺为萃取剂、正辛醇为助溶剂及煤油为稀释剂处理H酸、T酸工业废水。正交实验表明:溶液pH对萃取率影响最大。H酸最适宜的萃取条件是:萃取剂浓度25.9%、相比5∶1、pH 2.0,经一级萃取COD去除率可达88.4%,T酸最适宜的萃取条件是:萃取剂浓度50%、相比4∶1、pH 1.5,经两级逆流萃取,萃取率可达97.2%。用20%的NaOH溶液对萃取相进行反萃取,回收得到的萃取剂可循环使用,为工业上H酸、T酸废水预处理提供了可行途径。     

炼化装置泄露检测与维修(LDAR)现状及发展趋势

对比分析泄漏检测技术现状、检测与维修效果,同时给出国内外设备泄漏检测与维修(LDAR)发展趋势,以中国石化炼化企业开展设备泄漏检测与维修为例,提出集团公司各炼化企业开展LDAR的建议.     

中国石油污染源在线监测系统简介

文章阐述了中国石油污染源在线监测系统建设的必要性、建设原则及建设目标,分析了污染源在线监测系统的组成及系统功能等基本情况,提出持续系统建设、加强在线监测设备管理、加强系统运维管理、强化监督考核、促进系统应用等运行维护建议。