Effect of different carbon sources on performance of an A<Subscript>2</Subscript>N-MBR process and its microbial community structure

Effect of different carbon sources on purification performance and change of microbial community structure in a novel A₂N-MBR process were investigated. The results showed that when fed with acetate, propionate or acetate and propionate mixed (1:1) as carbon sources, the effluent COD, NH₄ ⁺-N, TN and TP were lower than 30, 5, 15 and 0.5 mg?L^–1, respectively. However, taken glucose as carbon source, the TP concentration of effluent reached 2.6 mg?L^–1. Process analysis found that the amount of anaerobic phosphorus release would be the key factor to determine the above effectiveness. The acetate was beneficial to the growth of Candidatus Accumulibacter associated with biological phosphorus removal, which was the main cause of high efficiency phosphorus removal in this system. In addition, it could eliminate the Candidatus Competibacter associated with glycogen-accumulating organisms and guarantee high efficiency phosphorus uptake of phosphorus accumulating organisms in the system with acetate as carbon source.

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自来水中强致突变物MX的测定

MX[3-氯-4-(二氯甲基)-5-羟基-2(5H)-呋喃酮]是饮用水氯化消毒过程中产生的具有强致突变作用的副产物.实验利用XAD-8吸附树脂对江苏省癌症高发区自来水中的MX进行了富集,饱和BF₃-CH₃OH溶液衍生化,并用GC/MS测定.结果发现,除个别点MX含量较高外,其余浓度在0.58～20.0ng·L^-范围之内.同一采样点枯水期浓度要高于平水期.     

Understanding the social impacts of enforcement activities on illegal wildlife trade in China

Illegal wildlife trade enforcement is a cornerstone conservation strategy worldwide, yet we have a limited understanding on its social impacts. Using Chinese online wildlife seizure news (2003–2018), we evaluated the interactions among enforcement operations, news frequency, and social engagement (i.e., whistle-blowing) frequency. Our results showed that intensive enforcement operations, which commenced after 2012, have social impacts by increasing the frequency of all seizure news significantly by 28% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5%, 51%] and those via whistle-blowing by 24% [95% CI: 2%, 45%], when compared to counterfactual models where possible confounding factors were accounted for. Furthermore, we revealed the potential interaction between enforcement seizure news with and without social engagement, and the consequential social feedback process. Of the species identified from ‘whistle-blowing’ news, up to 28% are considered as high conservation priorities. Overall, we expanded our understanding of the enforcement impacts to social dimensions, which could contribute to improving the cost-effectiveness of such conservation efforts.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01686-9.     

农田氮素流失对水环境污染及防治研究进展

氮是造成水体富营养化的主要元素之一，农田氮素流失是水环境氮污染的主要来源。文章从农田氮素对水环境污染途径、氮污染控制模型、污染控制措施等方面对当前国内外水环境氮污染防治进行概述。综合国内外农田氮流失污染防治措施的成功经验提出：加强农田养分管理，利用平衡施肥技术，推广施用控释、缓释肥料，改进施肥方式，从污染源头控制和减少氮素流失；同时，充分利用生态工程技术，建立人工湿地、植被过滤带、多水塘系统，改变或切断氮污染物的传播途径是控制农田氮素对水环境污染的有效措施。     

MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子

研究了DO、C/N、pH等生态因子对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,只有在各生态因子保持得当的条件下,同步硝化反硝化才能顺利地进行.DO为1mg/L左右、C/N比为30左右、进水pH值约7.2左右时COD、NH₄⁺、TN的去除率分别为96%、95%和92%.     

粘胶基活性炭纤维的脱硫性能

以糠醛渣活性炭 (GAC)为比较对象研究了粘胶基活性炭纤维 (ACF)对“SO2 O2 N2 ”体系和“SO2 O2 H2 O(g) N2 ”体系的动态脱硫性能。另外 ,通过脱硫后样品浸泡液分析发现ACF的浸出率达 80 %以上 ,而GAC仅为 2 0 %左右。实验结果表明 ,和GAC相比ACF的脱硫性能更加优良 ,水洗再生能力尤为突出。     

济南市北沙河水环境综合整治研究

通过对济南市北沙河污染与生态破坏的原因进行分析,在将北沙河流域作为一个生态系统进行考虑的基础上,通过对北沙河林木生态系统、地下水和地表水的水质保护、地表水强烈渗漏、补给地下水功能以及河岸带湿地保护措施,提出了实施北沙河水环境综合整治,实现水体水质良好、生态功能完善的方案.     

河北省太阳能产业可持续发展对策研究

针对太阳能产业发展现状,找出河北省太阳能产业发展过程中存在的问题,如产业环节附加值低、产用不平衡、缺乏激励政策、存在技术难题和污染、运维管理跟不上等。借鉴国内外成功经验,从光热和光电平衡发展、加大科技投入、加强政策和机制建设、实施多元化模式、控制产业污染、培养专业的运维队伍等几方面提出河北省太阳能产业可持续发展的对策。     

SBR-BAF工艺处理效能的试验研究

根据生物除磷和脱氮的机理,污水的脱氮除磷存在基质竞争和泥龄等方面的矛盾。为了分析和解决这个问题,设计开发了一种新的污水生物处理工艺——SBR-BAF复合工艺,并以模拟城市生活污水为处理对象对该工艺的处理效能进行了考察。试验结果表明,系统对COD（不计BAF加入的外碳源）、TP、NH⁺₄-N和TN的平均去除率分别为96%、98%、93%和84%,出水中COD、TP、NH⁺₄-N和TN的平均浓度分别为20、0.23、3.24和7.68 mg/L,各项水质指标均达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB 18918-2002 ) 规定的一级标准中的A标准。