异噻唑啉酮生产过程中的安全问题

本文主要从原料、生产、储存到运输各环节,分析了异噻唑啉酮的生产工艺中存在的危险性,采用的安全措施,以确保安全生产.     

大学生地震灾害风险认知调查

风险认知是人们对影响日常生活和工作的各种因素的心理感受和认识,是测量公众心理恐慌的指标。开展风险认知社会调查,研究大学生对灾害风险的认知特征及其主要影响因素,不仅有利于强化大学生的地震灾害意识,而且还能为政府的综合防灾减灾规划和地震灾害管理提供决策依据。选择桂林市5所不同类型的高校进行问卷调查,通过统计分析675份有效...     

日本大量废弃型社会的一般废弃物管理：政策、问题与措施

国内关于日本废弃物管理政策的研究主要侧重于其循环型社会的形成、法律体系、技术和模式;相对于日本大量废弃型社会的废弃物管理制度的研究极少,由此忽略了前后政策之间的因果关系和转变过程。文章从一般废弃物处理责任、处理技术等方面系统地考察分析了日本大量废弃型社会的废弃物管理制度,阐明大量废弃型社会废弃物管理制度的存在问题,进而说明日本为何从大量废弃型社会迈向循环型社会的原因及其途径,以期对中国废弃物管理制度建设提供借鉴参考。     

用微波辐照消除磺基水杨酸污染物

介绍了利用微波辐照去除废水中磺基水杨酸污染物的技术。处理废水时,先用活性炭吸附污染物,然后,将滤出的活性炭用微波幅照,使其再生,即可有效地消除废水中有机物的污染。实验表明,对废水中磺基水杨酸的去除率可达 ９７ ４％。     

天然消化道粘膜保护剂思密达的成分及物相分析

分析研究了天然消化道粘膜保护剂思密达的化学成分、物相组成和矿物形态,查明其基本矿物成分为钙钠质蒙脱石,系由天然膨润土经过精细加工而成。本实验结果有助于合理开发利用我国丰富的膨润土及其它药用矿石     

碳酸铅作为铅酸蓄电池电极材料的研究

采用粉末微电极技术和循环伏安法研究了ＰｂＣＯ３转化为铅酸电池电极活性物质的途径以及几种因素对ＰｂＣＯ３转化的ＰｂＳＯ４／ＰＢ电极性能的影响。ＰｂＣＯ３粉末在Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中化学转化－电化学活化后,正、负极的伏这行为与文献报道的类似。结果表明,较高扫速活化的ＰｂＳＯ４／Ｐｂ电极性能稳定且活性较高;转化ＰｂＣＯ３的Ｈ２ＳＯ４浓度０．５￣１．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１优于２．５￣５．０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ＾－１,３０℃附     

Chitobiase activity in the epidermis and hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator during the molting cycle

The activity of chitobiase, also known as N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, in the epidermis and hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab Uca pugilator (Bosc, 1802), during the molting cycle, was investigated. A pH optimum of 5 to 6 was found for the enzymatic activity in both the epidermis and hepatopancreas. The temperature optimum for epidermal and hepatopancreatic chitobiase activities was 50 to 60 °C. The K _m values for epidermal and hepatopancreatic chitobiase activities at 19 °C were 0.190 ± 0.027 and 0.203 ± 0.016 mM 4-methylumbelliferyl-N-acetyl-β-glucosaminide, respectively. Hepatopancreatic chitobiase activity was significantly higher than epidermal enzymatic activity in all the molt cycle stages tested except Postmolt Stage A-B. Chitobiase activity varied significantly during the molting cycle, with the epidermal enzymatic activity in Premolt Stage D_3–4 significantly higher than in Stage C (intermolt) and Premolt Stage D₀, whereas hepatopancreatic chitobiase activity in Premolt Stage D_3–4 was significantly higher than in all other molt stages tested. The patterns of chitobiase activity in the epidermis and hepatopancreas correlate well with the hemolymph titer of ecdysteroids in U. pugilator during the molting cycle; this suggests that chitobiase activity in both tissues is regulated at least in part by the steroid molting hormones. Received: 6 May 1998 / Accepted: 12 September 1998     

Purification of contaminated paddy fields by clean water irrigation over two decades

Paddy fields near a mining site in north part of Guangdong Province, PR China, were severely contaminated by heavy metals as a result of wastewater irrigation from the tailing pond. The following clean water irrigation for 2 decades produced marked rinsing effect, especially on Pb and Zn. Paddy fields continuously irrigated with wastewater ever since mining started (50 years) had 1,050.0 mg kg^?1 of Pb and 810.3 mg kg^?1 of Zn for upper 20 cm soil, in comparison with 215.9 mg kg^?1 of Pb and 525.4 mg kg^?1 of Zn, respectively, with clean water irrigation for 20 years. Rinsing effect mainly occurred to a depth of upper 40 cm, of which the soil contained highest metals. Copper and Cd in the farmlands were also reduced due to clean water irrigation. Higher availability of Pb might partly account for more Pb transferred from the tailing pond to the farmland and also more Pb removal from the farmland as a result of clean water irrigation. Neither rice in the paddy field nor dense weeds in the uncultivated field largely took up the metals. However, they might contribute to activate metals differently, leading to a different purification extent. Rotation of rice and weed reduced metal retention in the farmland soil, in comparison with sole rice growth. Harvesting of rice grain (and partially rice stalk) only contributed small fraction of total amount of removed metal. In summary, heavy metal in paddy field resulted from irrigation of mining wastewater could be largely removed by clean water irrigation for sufficient time.     

Effects of fertiliser and intercropping on cadmium uptake by maize

This study investigated the effect of fertilisation and intercropping on the uptake of cadmium (Cd) by maize plants (Zea mays L. var. Guangtian-2). Maize was intercropped with soybean, peanut, chickpea, alfalfa, adzuki bean, garden pea, amaranth, Chinese mustard, and flowering Chinese cabbage. The results showed that most legumes substantially enhanced Cd uptake by maize under different fertiliser treatments. Cd accumulation in the leaf tissues of maize was increased by garden pea to 1.5 times the amount in the control (maize alone) with PK fertiliser. Maize intercropped with garden pea absorbed 1225 μg plant^?1 Cd and transferred 925.9 μg plant^?1 Cd to above ground tissues. Adzuki bean proved as the most valuable intercrop for enhancing Cd extraction from soil by maize owing to its relatively large maize bioconcentration factor of 5.9 and large transfer factor of 0.47 in the no fertiliser treatment. The results suggest that legumes caused a greater effect than non-legumes on Cd concentration in maize under different fertilisers; application of NPK fertiliser had positive effects on Cd level in intercropped maize.     

美国救灾捐赠工作规程初探——以俄勒冈州为例

通过查阅美国FEMA志愿者管理条例及俄勒冈州救灾捐赠工作的系列法律、政策,对美国救灾捐赠工作的具体程序、各方角色进行了介绍,总结了美国救灾捐赠的主要特点为:美国救灾捐赠作为公益慈善的一部分,已经形成了一种社会化、制度化的长效机制。救灾捐赠工作由各个民间志愿者组织开展完成,这些组织之间的协调工作由VOAD完成。美国各级政府,主要是提供信息发布平台,参与救灾捐赠的一些辅助决策、协调工作。