炼油装置硫化氢分布及腐蚀部位分析

对4种主要炼油装置中硫化氢的分布进行了介绍,分析了装置中涉及硫化氢的腐蚀形态,主要的硫化氢腐蚀危害部位以及腐蚀危害,提出了防范硫化氢泄漏事故的措施.     

超声波-蒸汽蒸馏萃取技术富集沉积物样品中的氯代农药和多氯联苯

为方便快速分离沉积物中含氯农药和多氯联苯,将眼声波技术和蒸汽蒸馏萃取技术相结合,萃取沉积物中的微量含氯农药和多氯联苯,所得萃取物不需进一步的净化和浓缩,可直接用于色谱分析。实验表明,在进行蒸汽蒸馏萃取之前,使用辅助的超声波技术台将大部分待测物的回收率提高２０％－３０％,较好地解决了由于沉积物吸附作用而导致的蒸汽蒸馏回收率偏低的缺陷。     

CALPUFF模型在洋浦区域环境空气影响评价中的应用

环境空气的预测评价技术方法众多,评价模型多种多样,其应用的技术条件各异,要求的状态参数亦不同。CALPUFF模型作为一种预测分析模型,在区域环境大气预测的分析应用评价中具有其独特的优点与特点。采用CALPUFF模型预测了洋浦经济开发区对环境空气的影响,得到了较好的结果,为提出减缓不利影响对策奠定坚实的基础,为洋浦经济开发区的环境管理提供科学依据。     

内循环生物流化床处理石化废水的中试研究

进行了内循环生物流化床处理石化废水的中试研究,当进水平均ＣＯＤ为８００ｍｇ／Ｌ,流化床出水再辅这以气浮后处理,ＣＯＤ可降至２００ｍｇ／Ｌ,当进水ＣＯＤ为５００ｍｇ／Ｌ时,ＣＯＤ可达１００ｍｇ／Ｌ,本试验中的ＣＯＤ去除容积负荷可达１５ｋｇ／（ｍ＾３·ｄ）以上。     

铬酸钠晶体中铝酸钠杂质的分离

重点研究了含有杂质氢氧化钠和铝酸钠的酸钠晶体中铬酸钠和铝酸钠溶解动力学,洗涤一定组成的混合晶体的结果表明,两者在溶解动学方面具有很大差别,铬酸钠能迅速达到溶解平衡,而铝酸钠极易形成过程饱和溶液,且有一定的稳定性。     

林权改革:中国农村经营制度的新突破

林权,是指集体的山林。这次涉及涵盖我国70%国土的集体林权制度改革的重点就是集体山林(以下简称林权改革)。2003年,中共中央、国务院就作出了《关于加快林业发展的决定》,这是指导新时期林业发展和改革工作的纲领性文件。福建、江西等率先启动集体林权制度改革,浙江、陕西、湖南、安     

漓江流域红壤区生态恢复过程中植被结构动态和生物量变化

利用时空替代原理,选取漓江流域红壤区退化生态系统恢复过程中具有代表性的草丛、灌丛、针叶林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林5个阶段作为演替序列,研究自然恢复过程中各演替阶段的植被结构动态和生物量变化。结果表明：随着草丛→灌丛→针叶林→针阔混交林→次生常绿阔叶林正向演替的进行,在未形成成熟而稳定的顶极群落之前,物种丰富度、物种多样性指数、植被生物量及生产力都呈增大趋势。退化群落通过自然恢复总是向着结构更复杂、更完善的方向发展。根据恢复过程中植被的动态变化规律,提出了一些人工促进植被恢复的建议．     

纳米二氧化钛的改性及光催化氧化烷烃研究

催化剂的表面结构是影响催化反应的重要因素之一.利用原位红外(In-situ FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和紫外-可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等现代物理技术考察了热处理改性对纳米 TiO2的表面结构、晶相结构、粒子大小、比表面积和吸光性能的影响,采用In-situ FT-IR光谱着重研究了纳米TiO2催化剂上环己烷光催化降解机制及催化剂的结构特性与催化反应之间的相关性.研究表明,400 ℃条件下热处理纳米TiO2具有最佳光催化活性,适宜的表面结构、晶相结构、吸光能力及晶化度是纳米TiO2光催化剂高催化活性的主要原因.借助In-situ FT-IR光谱,观察到环己烷氧化的主要产物是CO2和H2O,同时捕捉到了中间产物CO以及乙酸,提出了环己烷光催化降解的可能机理.     

Extracting humic acids from digested sludge by alkaline treatment and ultrafiltration

The concentration of hardly biodegradable humic substances in sludge would relatively increase after anaerobic digestion due to the degradation of other organic substances. Thus, extracting humic substances from digested sludge as a liquid organic fertilizer was tested using alkaline treatment and ultrafiltration, and the dewaterability of the residual sludge was also tested. The results showed that the contents of humic acids and fulvic acids in digested sludge were 16.4 mg/g total solids and 88.9 mg/g total solids, respectively, and most of the humic acids had a molecular weight higher than 50 kDa. Hence, the membrane with a molecular weight cut-off of 50 kDa was used for humic acids recovery from the centrifugation supernatant after alkaline sludge disintegration with an optimum NaOH dose of 0.1 mol/L. Under these conditions, the total concentration of humic acids and fulvic acids was 4239 mg/L in the retention solution, which can be further concentrated and processed for liquid fertilizer. The total recovery rate of sludge humic acids and fulvic acids was about 25 %. The dewatering performance of the residual sludge was better than that of the untreated sludge when the residual sludge was diluted to a water content of 95–98 % and then conditioned with polyacrylamide at a dose of 10–30 mg/L.     

Isolation and characterization of dissolved organic matter fractions from antialgal products of Microcystis aeruginosa

An antialgal bacterium, Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1, was applied for the biodegradation of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa, and the isolation and characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) fractions in antialgal products were studied. Results showed the the growth of M. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by the cell-free filtrate of Streptomyces sp. HJC-D1 with the growth inhibition of 86?±?7 %. The antialgal products were divided using resin adsorbents into the hydrophilic fraction (HPI), hydrophobic acid (HPO-A), transphilic acid (TPI-A), hydrophobic neutral and transphilic neutral, and then the five fractions were analyzed by the 3-D fluorescence spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that the HPI component was the most abundant DOM fraction in the antialgal products, and its concentration was increased with the increase of cell-free filtrate concentration. The fluorescence peak location and intensity analysis showed that the protein-, fulvic-, and humic-like substances were dominant in the HPI, HPO-A, and TPI-A fractions, and intensities of the relevant fluorescence peaks were stronger in the experimental groups than those of the control groups. It was also found that the number-average molecular weight of DOM fractions ranged from 245 to 1,452 g mol^?1, and thereinto organic acids such as HPO-A and TPI-A exhibited lower molecular weights.