中国石油污染源在线监测系统简介

文章阐述了中国石油污染源在线监测系统建设的必要性、建设原则及建设目标,分析了污染源在线监测系统的组成及系统功能等基本情况,提出持续系统建设、加强在线监测设备管理、加强系统运维管理、强化监督考核、促进系统应用等运行维护建议。     

后起之“绿”——沈阳

几年前，一提起沈阳人，人们自然就会把她与世界10大污染最严重的城市联系在一起。然而，近年来，沈阳市面貌有了翻天覆地的变化：城市干净了，河流清澈了，空气清新了。由于在环境方面的突出表现，沈阳市今年2月获得了中华环境奖，沈阳市环保局宣教中心还在今年“地球日”获得了“地球奖”的称号。     

铬酸钠共存对铝酸钠溶液种分的影响

研究了铬酸纳共存时对铝酸钠溶液种分的影响，结果表明，含有铬酸钠的铝酸钠溶液中，铝铬比大于３．６时，铬酸钠的存在对铝酸钠种分没有明显影响；铝铬比小于１．８时，铬酸钠的存在对铝酸钠种分有明显影响，本文还试验了选择一定组成的实际铝酸钠溶液，经种分，使铬酸钠与铝酸钠完全有得到了有效分离。     

经济发展与环境保护并重:机遇与挑战--访亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处首席代表涩市彻先生

中国快速增长的经济以及由此带来的诸如能源紧张、环境污染等问题已是众所周知，甚至是有点“老生常谈”的话题了。除了中国政府及早采取了经济“点刹”的方式外，各种各样的论坛、会议、研究都是“你方唱罢我登场”，媒体对此话题的报道也是“铺天盖地”。那么对于那些与中国经济发展有着密切关系的国际或区域金融组织的专家们有什么样的观点？他们又都采取了什么措施呢？近日。本刊记者对亚洲开发银行驻中国代表处首席代表涩市彻先生就有关经济发展和环境保护的话题进行了独家专访。[编者按]     

金属有机骨架材料对水中有机酸的吸附性能

制备了MIL-100(Fe)、MIL-100(Cr)和NH_2-MIL-101(Al)3种金属有机骨架(MOFs)材料,考察了这3种MOFs材料对苯甲酸、水杨酸和山梨酸3种有机酸模拟废水的吸附处理效果,并与大孔吸附树脂D101进行了比较。实验结果表明:NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对苯甲酸的平衡吸附量最大,D101平衡吸附量中等,MIL-100(Cr)和MIL-100(Fe)平衡吸附量很小;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸具有优异的吸附性能,MIL-100(Cr)、MIL-100(Fe)和D101对山梨酸的平衡吸附量较低;3种MOFs材料和D101对水杨酸的平衡吸附量均很小。NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对山梨酸和苯甲酸的等温吸附过程可用Langmuir方程更好地拟合;NH_2-MIL-101(Al)对水杨酸的等温吸附过程可用Freundlich方程更好地拟合。     

Water quality assessment in Qu River based on fuzzy water pollution index method

A fuzzy improved water pollution index was proposed based on fuzzy inference system and water pollution index. This method can not only give a comprehensive water quality rank, but also describe the water quality situation with a quantitative value, which is convenient for the water quality comparison between the same ranks. This proposed method is used to assess water quality of Qu River in Sichuan, China. Data used in the assessment were collected from four monitoring stations from 2006 to 2010. The assessment results show that Qu River water quality presents a downward trend and the overall water quality in 2010 is the worst. The spatial variation indicates that water quality of Nanbashequ section is the pessimal. For the sake of comparison, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey relational method were also employed to assess water quality of Qu River. The comparisons of these three approaches'' assessment results show that the proposed method is reliable.     

云南香格里拉本底站大气CH4体积分数及变化特征

利用基于光腔衰荡光谱(CRDS)技术自组装的大气CH4在线观测系统,于2010年7月—2011年10月在云南香格里拉大气本底站对大气CH4进行了在线观测.结果发现,该站春、夏、秋、冬季CH4平均本底值分别为(1850.7±6.9)×10-9(体积分数,下同)、(1850.9±13.4)×10-9、(1865.6±16.1)×10-9和(1839.2±6.5)×10-9.全年体积分数在9月最高,12月最低,月均值振幅约39.6×10-9.4季日平均最低值均出现在14:00—16:00.日变化振幅在冬季最小,秋季最大,分别为4.4×10-9和10.0×10-9.西南来向的地面风会明显抬升CH4体积分数,而北偏东来向的地面风显著降低观测结果.通过4季每日整点后向轨迹聚类计算,结合观测资料分析发现,该站CH4主要受西南来向气团传输影响,尤其在春、夏、秋3季.     

Effect of Prescribed Fire on Soil Properties and N Transformation in Two Vegetation Types in South China

Prescribed fire is a common site preparation practice in forest management in southern China. However, the effect of fire on soil properties and N transformations is still poorly understood in this region. In this study, soil properties and N transformations in burned and unburned site of two vegetation types (Eucalyptus plantation and shrubland) were compared in rainy and dry seasons after 2 years’ prescribed fire. Soil pH and soil NH₄-N were all higher in the burned site compared to the unburned control. Furthermore, burned sites had 30–40 % lower of soil total phosphorus than conspecific unburned sites. There was no difference in soil organic matter, total N, soil exchangeable cations, available P or NO₃-N. Nitrogen mineralization rate of 0–5 cm soil in the unburned site ranged from 8.24 to 11.6 mg N kg^?1 soil month^?1 in the rainy season, compared to a lower level of 4.82–5.25 mg N kg^?1 soil month^?1 in the burned sites. In contrast, 0–5 cm layer nitrification rate was overall 2.47 mg N kg^?1 soil month^?1 in the rainy season, and was not significantly affected by burning. The reduced understory vegetation coverage after burning may be responsible for the higher soil NH₄-N in the burned site. This study highlights that a better understanding the effect of prescribed burning on soil nutrients cycling would provide a critical foundation for management decision and be beneficial to afforestation in southern China.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Biodegradable Starch-Polyacrylamide Graft Copolymers Using Starches with Different Microstructures

The effects of starch structures, in particular amylose content, on grafting reactions were investigated using thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction (XRD). As a model system, corn starches with different amylose contents (0, 26, 50 and 80 %) were grafted onto acrylamide to produce superabsorbent polymers (SAPs). The weight loss measured by TGA at different temperature was used to analyze the grafting ratio in quantity. In general, the grafting ratio increased (about 10 %) with increasing starch amylose content, and graft chain segment lengths were much lower for the amylopectin-rich (waxy) starch. The high molecular weight and branched structure of the amylopectin reduced the mobility of the polymer chains and increased viscosity, which resulted in resistance to chain growth. The water absorption capability was increased with increasing amylose content for the starch-based SAPs. XRD detection showed that the crystalline structure of all starches was destroyed after grafting reactions. The thermal stability of the polyacrylamide grafted onto the starches increased by about 10 °C, which could be explained by the strong bonding between the grafted polymer chains and the starch matrices.