铁屑在印染废水处理中的应用研究

印染废水由于污染物浓度高,成分复杂,可生化性差,成为难处理的工业废水之一。本文从铁屑的还原性、电化学性质和絮凝作用三方面阐述了铁屑对印染废水的作用机理,介绍了铁屑微电解法处理印染废水,铁屑与其他物质组合处理印染废水,生物铁法等在印染、染料废水处理方面的研究现状、应用情况以及部分作用机理,研究表明铁屑在印染废水的COD和色度去除率方面显示出良好的治理效果,利用铁屑治理染料和印染废水,有以废治废的特点,具有很高的推广应用价值。     

灌区上游水源区生态价值评估方法及实例研究

灌区上游水源区所产生的巨大生态效益对灌区的经济社会发展有着举足轻重的作用。基于对灌区上游水源区生态价值要素的识别,构建了包含4个层次、18项评估指标的灌区上游水源区生态价值评估指标体系,较为全面地反映了区域生态价值的整体构成。并以淠史杭灌区的上游水源区为例,用影子工程法、市场价值法等定量的方法,分别从物质产品价值和生态服务价值两方面评估了其生态价值。结果表明：淠史杭灌区上游水源区的生态价值总量为425．17亿元,充分体现了上游水源区对下游乃至全社会做出的巨大生态服务贡献。     

Antibiotic resistomes in water supply reservoirs sediments of central China: main biotic drivers and distribution pattern

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Water supply reservoirs form one of the critical drinking water resources. Their water quality directly affects human health. However, reservoir...     

Ni-Co bimetallic catalysts on coconut shell activated carbon prepared using solid-phase method for highly efficient dry reforming of methane

Ni-Co bimetallic catalysts supported on coconut shell activated carbon are synthesized using solid-phase method and investigated for dry reforming of methane, to explore the impact of Ni:Co ratio on the catalyst activity and stability. The catalyst performances are evaluated under the temperature varying from 600 to 900 °C and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 7200 mL/h·g-cat. The characterization results show that metal nanoparticles are produced on the support, and the bimetallic catalyst with an explicit Ni:Co ratio (2:1) is the most beneficial for metal particle dispersion and acquires the minimum particle size of 4.41 nm. The bimetallic catalysts with an explicit Ni:Co ratio of 1:2 and 1:1 exhibit a synergistic effect towards the conversions of CH₄ and CO₂, respectively. The experimental results reveal that the highest CH₄ and CO₂ conversions rise to 94.0% and 97.5% within 12 h at 900 °C on average, respectively, assisted with the two bimetallic catalysts. The intensity of disordered carbon and thermal stability are enhanced with the extension of reforming process, contributing to a long-term catalytic stability. Besides, no obvious carbon deposition is detected, leading to a highly catalytic stability for the bimetallic catalysts.

     

Removal of cyanobacterial blooms in Taihu Lake using local soils. II. Effective removal of Microcystis aeruginosa using local soils and sediments modified by chitosan

After sepiolite was modified with Fe3+ to increase its surface charge, the initial algal removal rate increased significantly, but its Q8h was not improved substantially at clay loadings below 0.1 g/L. Modification on netting and bridging properties of clays by either chitosan or polyacrylamide (PAM) dramatically increased flocculation (Q8h) of MA cells in freshwaters. Algal removal efficiencies of different solids, including Type III clays, local soils and sediments, were all improved to a similar level of >90% at a total loading of 0.011 g/L (contained 0.001 g/L chitosan) after they were modified with chitosan, making the idea of clearing up algal blooms using local soils/sediments possible. The mechanism of netting and bridging was confirmed to be the most important factor in improving the removal efficiency of cells, whereas clays also played important roles in the sedimentation of the floc.     

Understanding the social impacts of enforcement activities on illegal wildlife trade in China

Illegal wildlife trade enforcement is a cornerstone conservation strategy worldwide, yet we have a limited understanding on its social impacts. Using Chinese online wildlife seizure news (2003–2018), we evaluated the interactions among enforcement operations, news frequency, and social engagement (i.e., whistle-blowing) frequency. Our results showed that intensive enforcement operations, which commenced after 2012, have social impacts by increasing the frequency of all seizure news significantly by 28% [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 5%, 51%] and those via whistle-blowing by 24% [95% CI: 2%, 45%], when compared to counterfactual models where possible confounding factors were accounted for. Furthermore, we revealed the potential interaction between enforcement seizure news with and without social engagement, and the consequential social feedback process. Of the species identified from ‘whistle-blowing’ news, up to 28% are considered as high conservation priorities. Overall, we expanded our understanding of the enforcement impacts to social dimensions, which could contribute to improving the cost-effectiveness of such conservation efforts.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01686-9.     

低温等离子体治理恶臭气体研究进展

介绍了恶臭气体的分类和来源、传统的除臭方法以及这些方法的缺点;简述了低温等离子体产生的方法及其治理恶臭气体的机理;论述了介质阻挡放电、脉冲电晕放电、滑动弧光放电和其他方法在除臭方面的国内外研究进展;指出了利用等离子体治理恶臭气体存在的主要问题及其今后的研究方向。     

废水处理用微电解规整化填料的制备

以黏土、铁屑和活性炭为原料,加入一定量的添加剂,以水为黏合剂造粒,在一定温度下焙烧制成颗粒状微电解规整化填料。实验结果表明：在黏土、铁屑、活性炭的体积比为2：4：4、氯化铵为添加剂、添加量为0．5％（质量分数）、焙烧温度为600℃的条件下,制备的微电解规整化填料具有最佳的废水处理效果。用该填料处理低浓度染料废水（废水COD为591．5mg／L）,COD去除率可达75％以上。     

生物法生成单质硫过程中氧化还原电位的研究

采用升流式好氧反应器,接种实验室自行培养的排硫硫杆菌,进水硫化物质量浓度为343～356 mg/L,在不同容积负荷下,研究不同氧化还原电位(ORP)对硫化物生物转化的影响.结果表明,ORP为(-260±10)mV时,硫化物去除率均达95%以上;随着ORP的降低,硫化物去除率和硫酸根生成率均呈下降趋势;不同容积负荷下,控制合适的ORP均可得到单质硫的最大生成率.     

MBR中影响同步硝化反硝化的生态因子

研究了DO、C/N、pH等生态因子对膜生物反应器同步硝化反硝化的影响.结果表明,只有在各生态因子保持得当的条件下,同步硝化反硝化才能顺利地进行.DO为1mg/L左右、C/N比为30左右、进水pH值约7.2左右时COD、NH₄⁺、TN的去除率分别为96%、95%和92%.