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291.
Wu SP Tao S Zhang ZH Lan T Zuo Q 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2007,147(1):203-210
Total suspended particle (TSP) was collected and analyzed at rural and urban sites in Tianjin, China during the domestic heating season (from 15 November to 15 March) of 2003/4 for n-alkanes and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The normalized distribution of n-alkanes with the peak at C22, C23, C24 or C25 suggested that fossil fuel utilization was the major source of particulate n-alkanes at both sites. PAHs normalized distribution for each sample was similar and the higher molecular weight PAH dominated the profile (around 90%) indicating a stronger combustion source at both sites. Precipitation and wind were the most important meteorological factors influencing TSP and PAHs atmospheric concentrations. In the urban area the emission height had significant influence on PAHs levels at different heights under the relative stable atmospheric conditions. Coal combustion was the major source for TSP-bound PAHs at both sites based on some diagnostic ratios. 相似文献
292.
Environmental vanadium distribution, mobility and bioaccumulation in different land-use Districts in Panzhihua Region, SW China 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Yanguo Teng Jie Yang Zongjian Sun Jinsheng Wang Rui Zuo Jieqiong Zheng 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,176(1-4):605-620
In order to characterize environmental vanadium distribution, mobility, and bioaccumulation, a total of 55 soil samples and 36 plant samples were collected in four typical land-use districts in Panzhihua region, Southwestern China. Soil samples were analyzed with the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and the content of vanadium in soil and plant was determined by ICP-AES. The total content of vanadium was 208.1?C938.4 mg kg???1 in smelting area, 111.6?C591.2 mg kg???1 in mining area, 94.0?C183.6 mg kg???1 in urban park, and 71.7?C227.2 mg kg???1 in agricultural area, respectively, while the bio-available content of vanadium was characterized that the polluted areas (mining area 18.8?C83.6 mg kg???1, smelting area 41.7?C132.1 mg kg???1) and the unpolluted area (agricultural area 9.8?C26.4 mg kg???1, urban park 9.9?C25.2 mg kg???1). In addition, the contamination degree of vanadium in soil was smelting area > mining area > agricultural area ?? urban park. Moreover, the fraction of vanadium in each sequential extraction characterized that residual fraction > oxidizable fraction > reducible fraction > acid soluble fraction. The bioaccumulation of vanadium from soil to plant was weak to intermediate absorption. Therefore, some countermeasures such as soil monitoring and remediation should be to take in the sooner future, especially in mining and smelting area. 相似文献
293.
水资源短缺是影响城市可持续发展的主要限制因子之一。污水回用是解决城市水危机的重要途径。目前中国的中水回用水平较低,提高污水回用水平对水资源的可持续利用和水环境保护具有重要意义。以常州市为例,全面分析了城市经济社会发展对水资源的作用机制,构建了城市水资源开发利用的系统动力学模型,设置不同中水回用情景,比较不同情景对城市水资源供给状况、水环境状况和社会影响。结果表明:如果维持现状中水回用规模不变,常州市未来将出现供水短缺,至2020年缺水量达到2.49亿m3,同时污水排放量达到14.97亿m3;如果中水回用率逐步提高到20%和40%,用水和排污总量将得到有效控制,但仍会持续增长;如果2020年中水回用率达到60%,常州市的用水和排水规模将维持不变,实现供排水的总量平衡。三种提高回用率的控制方案对地区生产总值的影响均低于0.1%,具有较高的经济可行性,研究成果可为常州市未来水资源利用和水环境保护规划的制定提供借鉴和指导。 相似文献
294.
Rehabilitation and improvement of Guilin urban water environment:Function-oriented management 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Economic development and population growth have deeply damaged the urban water environment of Guilin City, China. Main problems involved structural damage and functional deterioration of the urban waters. An integrated technical scheme was developed to rehabilitate the urban water environment and to enhance the waters' functions during 1998-2008. Improvement of waters' functions included water system reconstruction, water pollution control, water safety assurance, and aquatic ecological restoration. The water system was reconstructed to connect different waters and clean water supplies to the lakes. Moreover, water pollution was controlled to improve water quality by endogenous pollutant elimination and extraneous pollutant interception. In addition, ecological measures put in place serve to enhance water system functions and better benefit both nature and humans. The project has brought about sound ecological, economic and social benefits in Guilin City, which can potentially be extended to similar cities. 相似文献
295.
The concept of temperature staged and biological phased (TSBP) was proposed to enhance the performance of waste-activated sludge anaerobic digestion. Semi-continuous experiments were used to investigate the effect of temperature (35 to 70℃) as well as the hydraulic retention time (HRT) (2, 4 and 6 days) on the acidogenic phase. The results showed that the solubilization degree of waste- activated sludge increased from 14.7% to 30.1% with temperature increasing from 35 to 70℃, while the acidification degree was highest at 45℃ (17.6%), and this was quite different from the temperature impact on hydrolysis. Compared with HRT of 2 and 6 days, 4 days was chosen as the appropriate HRT because of its relatively high solubilization degree (24.6%) and acidification degree (20.1%) at 45℃. The TSBP system combined the acidogenic reactor (45℃, 4 days) with the methanogenic reactor (35℃, 16 days) and the results showed 84.8% and 11.4% higher methane yield and volatile solid reduction, respectively, compared with that of the single-stage anaerobic digestion system with HRT of 20 days at 35℃. Moreover, different microbial morphologies were observed in the acidogenic- and methanogenic-phase reactors, which resulted from the temperature control and HRT adjustment. All the above results indicated that 45℃ was the optimum temperature to inhibit the activity of methanogenic bacteria in the acidogenic phase, and temperature staging and phase separation was thus accomplished. The advantages of the TSBP process were also confirmed by a full-scale waste-activated sludge anaerobic digestion project which was an energy self-sufficient system. 相似文献
296.
Amorphous alloys are being newly applied in wastewater treatment because of their unique atomic packing structure. They possess excellent degradation efficiency, stability and reusability. In this work, Fe80Si10B10 and Fe83Si5B8P4 amorphous ribbons exhibited advanced catalytic performance for the degradation of Methyl Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) dyes, and the color removal reach nearly 100% within 11 min for both the dyes. Compared with the Fe80Si10B10 amorphous ribbon, the Fe83Si5B8P4 ribbon showed higher degradation efficiency due to its lower reaction activation energy, higher electron transfer ability and higher Fe content, and the formation of the galvanic cell between the strong Fe–P bonds and the weak Fe–B bonds. It also exhibited high stability and reusability. The degradation efficiency was improved when the appropriate concentration of H2O2 is added. As regards the pH, high degradation efficiency was observed in acidic MB solution, but it decreased as the pH increased up to pH 7. The application of the electro–Fenton–like process is discussed, which can effectively improve the degradation performance in a nearly natural solution. This study presents a high efficiency low-cost catalyst for synthetic dye degradation and expands the functional applications of Fe-based amorphous alloys. 相似文献
297.
探求既能有效解决人类生存所面临的重大问题 ,又能实现可持续发展的途径是人类发展的永恒主题。本文以此为目的 ,根据对相关内容的深入分析得出 ,以恢复、保持和发展自然生态循环的良性平衡为锁定目标 ,发展、形成大规模或超大规模的巨大科技产业体系 ,是实现人类可持续发展的必由之路。在此基础上 ,本文进一步分析了科技产业的发展条件 ,指出科技与经济的有机结合是形成和实现科技产业的必要条件 ,同时就如何在知识经济的迅速兴起的环境中发展科技产业提出了建议。以“恢复、保持和发展自然生态循环的良性平衡”为锁定目标 ,建立造福人类的科技产业体系既是时代的要求 ,也是时代的迫切呼唤 相似文献
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