A Compatible Interface of Wheat Straw/Polylactic Acid Composites Collaborative Constructed Using KH570–Nano TiO2

Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Poor interfacial compatibility between wheat straw and polylactic acid (PLA) remains a problem that directly affects the overall performance of wheat...     

特大断面板岩隧道施工期围岩变形时空效应分析

目前,关于特大断面板岩隧道施工期围岩时空变形规律缺乏系统性的总结。以沪昆客运专线长昆湖南段姚家隧道为例,结合变形监测资料,分析在不同开挖方法下特大断面板岩隧道施工期围岩时空变形规律,划分围岩变形-时间特征曲线及围岩变形-距掌子面距离关系曲线的类型;分析围岩位移释放率与时间和距掌子面距离的关系,研究围岩级别和空间位置对特大断面板岩隧道施工期围岩变形时空效应的影响规律。结果表明:围岩变形-时间特征曲线的类型可分为"弯弓"型和"台阶"型。"弯弓"型划分三个变形阶段,适用于Ⅲ、Ⅳ级围岩;"台阶"型划分四个变形阶段,适用于Ⅴ级围岩。围岩变形与距掌子面距离的关系曲线的类型可分为"单厂"型和"双厂"型。"单厂"型曲线出现在Ⅲ、Ⅳ级围岩地段,当监测断面距掌子面超过5倍洞径时,围岩变形趋于稳定,空间效应趋于消失;"双厂"型曲线出现在Ⅴ级围岩地段,当监测断面距掌子面超过3倍洞径时,围岩变形基本趋于稳定。最后,提出了不同围岩级别下隧道围岩径向位移释放率随时间和距掌子面距离的变化规律,研究结论对于特大断面板岩隧道围岩长期稳定性的研究具有借鉴价值。     

Reduction of wastewater toxicity and change of microbial community in a hydrolysis acidification reactor pre-treating trimethylolpropane wastewater

Trimethylolpropane (TMP) wastewater is one of the most toxic petrochemical wastewater. Toxicants with high concentrations in TMP wastewater often inhibit the activity of microorganisms associated with biological treatment processes. The hydrolysis acidification process (HAP) is widely used to pretreat petrochemical wastewater. However, the effects of HAP on the reduction of wastewater toxicity and the relevant underlying mechanisms have rarely been reported. In this study, an HAP reactor was operated for 240 days, fed with actual TMP wastewater diluted by tap water in varying ratios. The toxicity of TMP wastewater was assessed with the inhibition ratio of oxygen uptake rate. When the organic loading rates were lower than 7.5 kg COD/m³/d, the toxicity of TMP wastewater was completely eliminated. When the actual TMP wastewater was directly fed into the reactor, the toxicity of TMP wastewater decreased from 100% to 34.9%. According to the results of gas chromatographymass spectrometry analysis, four main toxicants contained in TMP wastewater, namely, formaldehyde, 2-ethylacrolein, TMP and 2-ethylhexanol, were all significantly removed, with removal efficiencies of 93.42%, 95.42%, 72.85% and 98.94%, respectively. Compared with the removal efficiency of CODCr, the reduction rate of toxicity is markedly higher by HAP. In addition, the change of microbial community in the HAP reactor, along the operation period, was studied. The results revealed that, compared with the seed sludge, Firmicutes became the dominant phylum (abundance increased from 0.51% to 57.08%), followed by Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes (abundance increased from 59.75% to 25.99% and from 4.70% to 8.39%, respectively).

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环境经济评价在规划环评中的应用

环境经济评价是联系环境系统和经济系统的桥梁,把环境经济评价应用于规划环评中,实现了对规划方案的环境影响的经济价值表征,为最终决策提供服务和支持,真正提高了环评对规划可行性的决策作用。本文结合环境经济评价的理论和实践特点,通过对中国规划环评区别于项目环评的特征的把握,从理论和实践角度阐述环境经济评价在规划环评中的具体应用,并提出应用过程中的几点关键问题。     

抗生素菌渣处理处置技术进展

我国是抗生素原料药生产大国,抗生素菌渣产生量大、处理难度大,且属于危险固废,其合理、安全处置是目前制药企业亟待解决的难题。对抗生素菌渣的焚烧、肥料化、饲料化、填埋、能源化及其他处理处置技术的现状进行了归纳和总结,并对抗生素菌渣处理处置技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Benzo[a]pyrene exposure influences the cardiac development and the expression of cardiovascular relative genes in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos

It is reported that the most abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in weathered crude oils are cardiotoxic. However, the action mechanism of PAHs on vertebrate cardiovascular development and disease is unclear. In the present study, the cardiac morphology and functioning of zebrafish embryos exposed to benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P], as a high-ring PAHs, for 72 h were observed and determined. The results showed that B(a)P exposure resulted in cardiac developmental defects in zebrafish embryos. Significant changes in expression level of multiple genes potentially critical for regulating the B(a)P-induced cardiovascular developmental defects were also found. A gene network regulating cardiac development perturbed by B(a)P exposure was identified and established by computational analysis and employment of some databases. The information from the network could provide a clue for further mechanistic studies explaining molecular events regulating B(a)P-mediated cardiovascular defects and consequences.     

Waste activated sludge treatment based on temperature staged and biologically phased anaerobic digestion system

The concept of temperature staged and biological phased （TSBP） was proposed to enhance the performance of waste-activated sludge anaerobic digestion. Semi-continuous experiments were used to investigate the effect of temperature （35 to 70℃） as well as the hydraulic retention time （HRT） （2, 4 and 6 days） on the acidogenic phase. The results showed that the solubilization degree of waste- activated sludge increased from 14.7% to 30.1% with temperature increasing from 35 to 70℃, while the acidification degree was highest at 45℃ （17.6%）, and this was quite different from the temperature impact on hydrolysis. Compared with HRT of 2 and 6 days, 4 days was chosen as the appropriate HRT because of its relatively high solubilization degree （24.6%） and acidification degree （20.1%） at 45℃. The TSBP system combined the acidogenic reactor （45℃, 4 days） with the methanogenic reactor （35℃, 16 days） and the results showed 84.8% and 11.4% higher methane yield and volatile solid reduction, respectively, compared with that of the single-stage anaerobic digestion system with HRT of 20 days at 35℃. Moreover, different microbial morphologies were observed in the acidogenic- and methanogenic-phase reactors, which resulted from the temperature control and HRT adjustment. All the above results indicated that 45℃ was the optimum temperature to inhibit the activity of methanogenic bacteria in the acidogenic phase, and temperature staging and phase separation was thus accomplished. The advantages of the TSBP process were also confirmed by a full-scale waste-activated sludge anaerobic digestion project which was an energy self-sufficient system.     

再生水管理体制机制研究——以天津市为例

以天津市再生水管理为分析对象，通过考察天津市水务管理的横向责任分工与纵向管理流程的现状，深入分析水资源管理的体制、资金、配套设施、政策法规等方面，提出我国水务管理中存在认识不统一、政策措施激励与约束作用不足、投融资体制不完善、相关信息不透明等问题。并建议从统一认识、集中管理、完善投融资机制和价格体制以及建立水资源信息平台等方面推动水务管理体制机制的改革。     

江苏省温室气体排放清单基础研究

随着气候问题日益严峻,温室气体排放清单编制已经成为温室气体研究的一项重要的基础工作。本文概述了中国温室气体清单编制的发展情况,并重点介绍了江苏省能源部门温室气体排放清单编制基础工作,包括江苏省温室气体排放清单编制计算方法和步骤,江苏省温室气体排放清单及数据来源等。江苏省能源部门温室气体清单编制主要统计二氧化碳、甲烷、氧化亚氮三种最主要的温室气体,将为国家及其他省份相关研究提供参考。     

Environmental vanadium distribution, mobility and bioaccumulation in different land-use Districts in Panzhihua Region, SW China

In order to characterize environmental vanadium distribution, mobility, and bioaccumulation, a total of 55 soil samples and 36 plant samples were collected in four typical land-use districts in Panzhihua region, Southwestern China. Soil samples were analyzed with the modified Community Bureau of Reference (BCR) sequential extraction procedure, and the content of vanadium in soil and plant was determined by ICP-AES. The total content of vanadium was 208.1?C938.4 mg kg^???1 in smelting area, 111.6?C591.2 mg kg^???1 in mining area, 94.0?C183.6 mg kg^???1 in urban park, and 71.7?C227.2 mg kg^???1 in agricultural area, respectively, while the bio-available content of vanadium was characterized that the polluted areas (mining area 18.8?C83.6 mg kg^???1, smelting area 41.7?C132.1 mg kg^???1) and the unpolluted area (agricultural area 9.8?C26.4 mg kg^???1, urban park 9.9?C25.2 mg kg^???1). In addition, the contamination degree of vanadium in soil was smelting area > mining area > agricultural area ?? urban park. Moreover, the fraction of vanadium in each sequential extraction characterized that residual fraction > oxidizable fraction > reducible fraction > acid soluble fraction. The bioaccumulation of vanadium from soil to plant was weak to intermediate absorption. Therefore, some countermeasures such as soil monitoring and remediation should be to take in the sooner future, especially in mining and smelting area.