利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢的试验研究

对利用有机基质厌氧生物产氢过程进行了试验研究 ,结果表明 ,污泥种类、基质种类、基质浓度和起始 p H对厌氧产氢反应有显著影响。当校河底泥在以 2 0 g COD/L的果糖为基质 ,起始 p H为 6.5时 ,产氢效果最佳 ,停滞期仅为 5 h,产气速率高达5 0 .1m L/g VSS·h,且可持续 12 h,累积产气量高达 60 4.9m L/g VSS,其中氢气含量约为 5 0 %。半连续试验的结果表明 ,若及时更换和补充基质 ,适当调节 p H,就可实现持续产氢 ,在 16h内平均产气速率可达 60 .0 m L /g VSS· h,氢气含量约为 45 %。     

Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) growing nearby di erent industrial sources

Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas.We selected Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) as potential biomonitor and collected the current (C) and previous year (C+1) needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical, ceramics manufacturing, and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cr, Ni and Co) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in unwashed and water-washed needles. Both unwashed and washed C+1 needles showed generally higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than C needles, although the washed needles more clearly spotlighted the accumulation e ect of PAHs over exposure time. Water-washing resulted in a significant decrease in needle PAH concentrations with more significant e ects shown in C needles. By contrast, needle heavy metal concentrations were much less a ected by washing. Although heavy metals and PAHs might di er in adsorption and uptake strategies, their higher concentrations in the needles at the industrial sites indicated conspicuous contamination due to industrial emissions there. The PAH distribution patterns in pine needles accorded with the real types of energy consumption in the study sites and were e ciently used for pinpointing local pollutant sources.     

水中重金属在线监测技术发展概述

近年来重金属污染事件层出不穷,重金属污染的监测已经成为国家和人民关注的重点问题。介绍了水中重金属在线监测仪器的主要应用技术,并指出技术的适用范围和优劣点,同时对水质重金属在线监测仪的发展前景提出几点意见。     

Comprehensive health condition assessment on partial sewers in a southern Chinese city based on fuzzy mathematic methods

A self-developed sewer health assessment system using the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analytical hierarchy process was applied to give a comprehensive health condition evaluation on part of the local sewers in a southern Chinese city based on the sewer video data collected by a sewer inspection closed circuit television （CCTV） robot. Aside from the overall condition evaluation, the structure, function, and stability status of the sewer were also analyzed using the method. A comprehensive index H was proposed to give the overall health condition of pipes with different defects, and Ht, Hs, and If were used to quantify the defects affecting the tightness, stability, and function of the pipe, respectively. Results show that 48% of the inspected pipes were in good condition （0〈H〈0.25）, and about 33% of the sewer pipes analyzed were categorized to be at severe or urgent condition levels （H 〉 0.5）, although most of the pipes were installed only within five years. Frequent sedimentation affects the function of the sewer, and deformation and joint damage affect the structure of the sewer.     

主动脉动气流分选处理废弃催化剂

废弃催化剂重整后含有富集贵金属的海绵体和烧结磁珠,二者的有效分选是提纯贵金属富集体的重要环节。主动脉动气流分选装置能够对此物料进行干法分选,避免了湿法分选对物料的改性,有利于贵金属富集体的后续提纯。介绍了主动脉动气流分选装置的结构,分析主动脉动气流分选机理及其动力学模型。通过实际物料进行分选试验。结果表明,在脉动频率为7/3 Hz,气流流速为2.50~6.00 m/s时,总分选效率Ef高于94.50%;在气流流速为3.33 m/s时,分选效率最高,总分选效率Ef可达97.63%。     

污泥龄对LSP ＆ PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效能的影响

通过研究分析污泥龄（SRT）对富磷污水除磷的LSP＆PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效果的影响,结果发现,延长污泥龄有利于提高系统的厌氧释磷能力,但不影响其总的除磷率,同时磷的回收比例增大,当SRT=50 d时,磷回收率取得最大值70.4%;LSP＆PNR系统污泥龄增加,还有利于污泥产率的降低。试验还发现,排富磷污水除磷的长污泥龄LSP＆PNR系统的除磷效率与污泥产率之间不存在制约关系,即系统可以同时获得优异的污泥减量与生物除磷效果,当SRT=50 d时,每降解1 kg COD仅产生0.143 kg污泥,而除磷率达最高值92.8%;LSP＆PNR系统中SRT、DO与SVI之间存在一定的相关性,在供氧充足（DO=0.8-1.5 mg/L）条件下,SRT增加,SVI越高,但对于SRT为50 d的LSP＆PNR系统,稳定运行时没有污泥膨胀之虞。     

Direct degradation of methylene blue by unactivated peroxymonosulfate: reaction parameters,kinetics, and mechanism

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are efficient methods for water purification. However, there are few studies on using peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to...     

基于GIS的地震构造信息系统

本文讨论了地震构造信息系统的建造和信息管理。系统是以GIS工具软件ARC/INFO为开发平台建造的,原始资料复盖华北地区的大部,约北纬35～41度,东经109～120度。系统包括活动断裂、破坏性地震、仪器记录地震等信息。本文深入研究了GIS做为信息管理工具的能力,探讨了GIS在地震区划图编制中可能起到的作用。系统能使地震危险分析中信息管理方式、信息管理效率和利用率有质的改进,在某种程度上减小资料利用不充分和人为任意性引起的不确定性。作为一种探索,本文进行了一系列的空间操作和分析,以研究空间特征之间的相关性,并产生新的数据集合。     

等离子体改性对活性炭纤维表面化学结构的影响

采用放电等离子体对活性炭纤维表面进行改性,通过改变活性炭纤维的化学官能团来强化活性炭纤维对SO2和NOx的吸附和催化作用。利用XPS、FTIR等方法对改性活性炭纤维的化学性质进行表征,研究了活性炭纤维表面官能团在等离子体改性过程中的转化规律和机理。实验结果表明:放电改性过程可以有效地向活性炭纤维表面引入有利于脱硫脱氮的含氧、含氮官能团;当电压为8kV,放电时间为5min时,放电改性活性炭纤维的效果最佳。     

基于遗传算法优化的大气质量评价的污染危害指数公式

基于污染危害率概念,提出了大气环境质量评价的污染危害指数计算公式和新的因子赋权法．指出用污染物的浓度相对值代替其监测值,公式中的参数可认为不随污染物种类和数目而改变．采用遗传算法对公式中的参数进行优化,得到了适用于多种污染物的大气质量评价的污染危害指数计算公式应用该公式对实例评价的结果与用其他多种方法评价结果进行了比较结果表明,该公式用于大气环境质量评价的物理意义明确、普适性强、计算简单、使用方便．