可口可乐饮料公司安全生产监督管理经验探讨

太原可口可乐饮料有限公司具有完善的安全生产管理体系,分别从安全理念、经费投入、培训考核、监督制度、认证审核和安全文化6个方面介绍公司安全生产管理方面的经验,有一定的推广价值.     

居民为改善城市河流黑臭现象的支付意愿研究——以滏阳河衡水市区段为例

滏阳河衡水市区段严重的黑臭污染给两岸的居民造成了工作、生活舒适性的威胁, 严重破坏了周围的环境景观.本研究采用意愿调查价值评估法,以滏阳河衡水市区段沿岸人口较稠密的21个居民区为调查对象,运用调查问卷调查居民对滏阳河环境改善的支付意愿.研究结果表明:衡水市居民为改善滏阳河水体黑臭的平均支付意愿是 66.82元/(户·年),全市总支付意愿是633.8万元/年,说明全市人民对滏阳河的治理需求还是非常迫切的.     

Watershed Evapotranspiration Increased due to Changes in Vegetation Composition and Structure Under a Subtropical Climate1

Abstract: Natural forests in southern China have been severely logged due to high human demand for timber, food, and fuels during the past century, but are recovering in the past decade. The objective of this study was to investigate how vegetation cover changes in composition and structure affected the water budgets of a 9.6‐km² Dakeng watershed located in a humid subtropical mountainous region in southern China. We analyzed 27 years (i.e., 1967‐1993) of streamflow and climate data and associated vegetation cover change in the watershed. Land use/land cover census and Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) data derived from remote sensing were used to construct historic land cover change patterns. We found that over the period of record, annual streamflow (Q) and runoff/precipitation ratio did not change significantly, nor did the climatic variables, including air temperature, Hamon’s potential evapotranspiration (ET), pan evaporation, sunshine hours, and radiation. However, annual ET estimated as the differences between P and Q showed a statistically significant increasing trend. Overall, the NDVI of the watershed had a significant increasing trend in the peak spring growing season. This study concluded that watershed ecosystem ET increased as the vegetation cover shifted from low stock forests to shrub and grasslands that had higher ET rates. A conceptual model was developed for the study watershed to describe the vegetation cover‐streamflow relationships during a 50‐year time frame. This paper highlighted the importance of eco‐physiologically based studies in understanding transitory, nonstationary effects of deforestation or forestation on watershed water balances.     

Non-microcystin producing Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek (Cyanobacteria) representing a main waterbloom-forming species in Chinese waters

It is well known that several morphospecies of Microcystis, such as Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Lemmermann and Microcystis viridis (A. Brown) Lemmermann can produce hepatotoxic microcystins. However, previous studies gave contradictory conclusions about microcystin production of Microcystis wesenbergii (Komárek) Komárek. In the present study, ten Microcystis morphospecies were identified in waterblooms of seven Chinese waterbodies, and Microcystis wesenbergii was shown as the dominant species in these waters. More than 250 single colonies of M. wesenbergii were chosen, under morphological identification, to examine whether M. wesenbergii produce hepatotoxic microcystin by using multiplex PCR for molecular detection of a region (mcyA) of microcystin synthesis genes, and chemical analyses of microcystin content by ELISA and HPLC for 21 isolated strains of M. wesenbergii from these waters were also performed. Both molecular and chemical methods demonstrated that M. wesenbergii from Chinese waters did not produce microcystin.     

Characterizing effects of uncertainties in MSW composting process through a coupled fuzzy vertex and factorial-analysis approach

A coupled fuzzy vertex and factorial-analysis approach was developed in this study for systematically characterizing effects of uncertainties in a municipal solid waste composting process. A comprehensive composting process model was also embedded into the system framework and used to address substrate decomposition and biomass growth, as well as the interactions between moisture contents, temperatures, and oxygen concentrations. The applicability of the proposed method was verified through a custom-made pilot-scale composting system. Results from fuzzy simulation indicated that the fuzzy vertex method could effectively communicate implicit knowledge into dynamic simulations and thus provide valuable information for enhancing composting process control under uncertainty. The factorial analysis was effective in quantifying the proportion to which the uncertainty of each single or interactive effect of model parameters contributes to the overall uncertainty of the system outcomes. Thus, sensitive parameters that may lead to errors or unreasonable predictions can be determined. The proposed study system could not only be used in characterizing combined effects of uncertainties for composting processes, but was also applicable to many other environmental modelling systems.     

污泥龄对LSP & PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效能的影响

通过研究分析污泥龄（SRT）对富磷污水除磷的LSP&PNR污泥减量新工艺运行效果的影响,结果发现,延长污泥龄有利于提高系统的厌氧释磷能力,但不影响其总的除磷率,同时磷的回收比例增大,当SRT=50 d时,磷回收率取得最大值70.4％;LSP&PNR系统污泥龄增加,还有利于污泥产率的降低。试验还发现,排富磷污水除磷的长污泥龄LSP&PNR系统的除磷效率与污泥产率之间不存在制约关系,即系统可以同时获得优异的污泥减量与生物除磷效果,当SRT=50 d时,每降解1 kg COD仅产生0.143 kg污泥,而除磷率达最高值928％;LSP&PNR系统中SRT、DO与SVI之间存在一定的相关性,在供氧充足（DO＝0.8～1.5 mg/L）条件下,SRT增加,SVI越高,但对于SRT为50 d的LSP&PNR系统,稳定运行时没有污泥膨胀之虞。     

生态环境监理——天津市大港区的探索

环境保护包括污染防治和生态保护两大方面 ,目前 ,在污染源治理取得明显效果 ,生态环境遭受不同程度破坏的情况下 ,实施生态环境监理势在必行。大港区环保局就生态环境监理开展了探索性的工作。     

荆江分洪区1998年洪水转移调查分析

对荆江分洪区１９９８年洪水期间安全转移的调查表明,叶然有分洪预案,但实际转移时仍出现了相当程度的拥挤与混乱。完善分洪转移的组织与管理,已成为分洪区居民１９９８年转移后关注的焦点,分洪区居民普遍表现出对分洪洪水情不甚了解,通过各种方式开展有关洪水的宣伟,提高区内居民的防洪意识,是荆江分洪区未来防洪减灾的重点工作之一,由于是国家为保护更重要的地区而主动分洪。对分洪区历分洪蒙受的损失给预某种形式的补偿已     

醇胺溶液吸收与解吸CO2的研究

在温度333K、常压条件下,在羟乙基乙二胺(AEE)总量一定的溶液中,研究了不同浓度AEE对CO2的吸收性能;在总胺质量分数为40%的溶液中,研究了不同配比的AEE N-甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)对CO2的吸收性能.考察了吸收过程中吸收速率、吸收量、吸收时间、AEE浓度以及吸收液温度的相互关系.控制解吸过程温度为393K,考察了CO2解吸量与解吸时间的关系.实验表明,适当降低AEE浓度有利于充分发挥AEE溶液的CO2吸收性能;在MDEA溶液中加入适量AEE,可以明显提高CO2的吸收与解吸性能;其中质量分数为20?E 20%MDEA的复合溶液在CO2吸收与解吸过程中表现出良好的实际操作性.     

胜利油田含油污泥的植物修复研究

胜利油田滨一污水站产生的含油污泥经俄罗斯菌剂修复后含油量仍较高,为进一步降低其含油量,采用了植物修复技术.在总面积为1 000 m2的含油污泥修复场地上,分别种植了高羊茅、苜蓿、大豆、玉米和高粱,进行了120 d的植物修复.检测了植物修复前后含油污泥的含油量、基本理化性质、生物毒性、微生物数量和代谢功能多样性.对比发现,植物修复后含油污泥的石油降解率最高可达34.09%,持水率提高,生物毒性下降,微生物数量增加及代谢功能多样性增强.实验说明,植物修复是处理含油污泥的有效方法之一.