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981.
Harold G. Fowler Maria Inez Pagani Osvaldo Aulino Da Silva Luis Carlos Forti Virgilio Pereira Da Silva Heraldo Luis De Vasconcelos 《Environmental management》1989,13(6):671-675
Leaf-cutting ants of the generaAcromyrmex andAtta are considered the principal polyphagous pests of the Neotropics Although some members of these genera are of economic importance, have a broad geographic distribution, and are extremely good colonizers, others are endemic and closely interact with native ecosystems. Control is generally practiced against any colony, irrespective of its taxonomic status. Indiscriminate control coupled with habitat destruction threatens endemic species with extinction, and, through habitat simplification, favors other pest species. As nests ofAtta are large, having several square meters of nest surface, the endemic taxa can be easily used as environmental indicators for natural ecosystems Likewise, the pest species can be used to detect environmental disturbance As these ants are keystone species and easily identified by nonspecialists, efforts should be made to integrate these into viable conservation programs 相似文献
982.
This study aimed at the ecological-economic valuation of the Potengi estuary mangrove wetlands, based on the integration of
spatial data (mangrove forest coverage map, Nautical Chart, Environmental Sensitivity Chart) with data from literature on
the biogeochemistry of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and heavy metals in the mangrove estuary wetland Potengi) and field verification
data (topographic profile of mangrove forest, GPS routes obtained in the field in the touristy sightseeing areas and plots
of mariculture). The ecological and economic valuation of the services performed by the Potengi estuary mangrove wetlands,
mainly as biogeochemical barrier for the transport of P, N and heavy metals in tropical coastal areas, were obtained just
as if the retention of those elements was necessary by Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) with Stabilization Ponds, typical
in the estuary, and Zeolitic plant, respectively. Closer to real scenarios were observed for obtaining the values of these
ecological services, such as the release of the P, N and heavy metals in domestic and industrial sewage in the estuary, the
capability of dilution and the influence of the tides in the estuary. The tourism potential of the Potengi estuary mangrove
wetlands were assessed according to the current forms of use, and potential of aquaculture through the main types of farming
in mangrove areas. For these ecological services, considerable values were obtained of about USS15,500/ha, such as costs of
implementation and construction of sewage treatment plants, as well as costs of sewage treatment plants. Nearly US$ 12.500
/ ha amount each year from tourism and aquaculture income, demonstrating the economic viability of the Potengi estuary mangrove
wetlands conservation. 相似文献
983.
984.
985.
Mercury pollution in the Tapajos River basin, Amazon: mercury level of head hair and health effects.
M Harada J Nakanishi E Yasoda M C Pinheiro T Oikawa G de Assis Guimaraes B da Silva Cardoso T Kizaki H Ohno 《Environment international》2001,27(4):285-290
There is increasing concern about the potential neurotoxic effects of exposure to methylmercury for the 6 million people living in the Amazon, even in regions situated far away from the gold mines (garimpos), considered to be the major source of mercury pollution. In November 1998, a spot investigation on mercury contamination was conducted in three fishing villages (Barreiras, Rainha, and Sao Luiz do Tapajos) on the Tapajos River, an effluent of the Amazon, situated several hundred kilometers downstream from the gold-mining areas. A total of 132 fishermen and their families volunteered for the current study. As was anticipated, the total mercury levels in the head hair collected from the fishing villages were relatively high (14.1-20.8 ppm on the average) and the number of subjects with a high total mercury level over 10 ppm (the least upper bound of a normal value) was 103 (78.0%) in total, along with various symptoms, thereby suggesting wide mercury contamination in the Tapajos River basin. Moreover, in view of the absence of other diseases (e.g., alcoholism or malaria), a high intake of fish containing a methylmercury level, and high hair mercury levels in addition to the various symptoms such as sensory disturbance (especially glove-and-stocking type, which is characteristic of Minamata disease), tremor, failure in two-point discrimination, and slight balancing failure, several subjects examined were diagnosed with mild Minamata disease. The findings obtained suggest, thus, that the mercury pollution in the Amazon should be crucially observed for head hair mercury level and health in a much broader region. 相似文献
986.
Dielle Monteiro Teixeira Juliana Merces Hernandez Luciana Damascena Silva Darleise de Souza Oliveira Paula Katharine de Pontes Spada Tereza Cristina Monteiro Gurjão Joana D’Arc Pereira Mascarenhas Alexandre Costa Linhares Lena Líllian Canto de Sá Morais Yvone Benchimol Gabbay 《Food and environmental virology》2016,8(1):101-104
Noroviruses are the major cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in humans, with few reports about the occurrence of the norovirus GIV strain. We investigated the presence of norovirus GIV in surface water (river, bay, and stream) and untreated sewage, and we determined a positivity rate of 9.4 % (9/96). The strains genotyped were GIV.1. To our knowledge, this is the first report of GIV in Brazil. 相似文献
987.
988.
Defalque Cristiane Maria Marins Fernando Augusto Silva da Silva Aneirson Francisco Rodríguez Elen Yanina Aguirre 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(1):55-76
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - A discussion is currently under way in the literature on the sustainable benefits of recycling material, particularly paper, which has high global... 相似文献
989.
La Fuente Carla I. A. de Souza Andressa Tamyris Tadini Carmen C. Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(6):1908-1920
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - In this study cassava starch modified by ozone technology and cellulose nanofibres were used to produce films. These nanocomposites were produced by... 相似文献
990.
Alvarenga P Palma P Gonçalves AP Fernandes RM de Varennes A Vallini G Duarte E Cunha-Queda AC 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(2):95-99
An acid metal-contaminated soil from the Aljustrel mining area (a pyrite mine located in SW Portugal in the Iberian Pyrite
Belt) was subjected to chemical characterisation and total metal quantification (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn). Water-soluble
metals were determined and a sequential extraction procedure was used to investigate metal speciation. Two bioavailable metal
fractions were determined: a mobile fraction and a mobilisable fraction. Soil ecotoxicity was studied using a battery of bioassays:
plant growth test and seed germination with cress (Lepidium sativum L.), earthworm (Eisenia fetida) mortality, E. fetida avoidance behaviour, luminescent inhibition of Vibrio fischeri and Daphnia magna immobilisation. Although the total content of Cu, Zn and Pb in the soil was large (362, 245 and 1,250 mg/kg dry matter, respectively),
these metals were mostly structurally bound (87% for Cu, 81% for Zn and 89% for Pb) and, therefore, scarcely bioavailable.
Nonetheless, the D. magna immobilization test using soil leachate showed an EC50 (48 h) of 36.3% (v/v), and the luminescent inhibition of V. fischeri presented an EC20 (15 min) of 45.2% and an EC20 (30 min) of 10.7% (v/v), suggesting a considerable toxic effect. In the direct exposure bioassays, E. fetida avoided the mine soil at the highest concentrations (50%, 75% and 100% v/v). At the same soil concentrations, cress showed
negligible growth. The results suggest the need to use a battery of toxicity tests, in conjunction with chemical methods,
in order to assess the quality of mine-contaminated soils correctly. 相似文献