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991.
Ivonne?MeucheEmail author K.?Eduard?Linsenmair Heike?Pr?hl 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2012,66(4):613-621
In many species male reproductive success is limited by access to females. Territoriality is one behavioural strategy which
helps to acquire females. In the present study, we investigated the correlation between territory size and (1) female availability
and (2) rate of intrusion by conspecific males in strawberry poison frogs, Oophaga pumilio. Males defended smaller territories in areas with a high female density and high rate of intrusion by conspecific males.
Only males with high body condition values were able to establish territories in areas of high female density probably due
to better fighting abilities. Moreover, dominant calling frequency was lower during agonistic interactions. Because only males
with high body condition values were able to produce very low dominant frequencies, the acoustic properties appear to be an
honest signal containing information about fighting abilities. Thus, the negative correlation between dominant frequency and
mating success of males found in previous studies seems to be in part the result of intrasexual competition between males. 相似文献
992.
Cañote Susan Johana Benites Barros Regina Mambeli Lora Electo Eduardo Silva dos Santos Ivan Felipe Silva Silva Ana Paula Moni Piñas Jean Agustin Velásquez Cañote Alexandra Lucitania Benites de Castro e Silva Hellen Luisa 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(5):1810-1830
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - This study aimed to carry out the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) targeting to decide the better management system for sludge from both Activated Sludge... 相似文献
993.
Hipólito Amanda Caretta Talita de Oliveira Silveira Victória Akemi Itakura Bersaneti Gabrielly Terassi Mali Suzana Celligoi Maria Antonia Pedrine Colabone 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(10):3199-3209
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Sophorolipids are glycolipid biosurfactants produced by the yeast Starmerella bombicola. They have great potential for application in the food industry due... 相似文献
994.
Cortat Lucas Ornellas Zanini Noelle C. Barbosa Rennan F. S. de Souza Alana G. Rosa Derval S. Mulinari Daniella R. 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2021,29(10):3210-3226
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Macadamia is a nut widely used globally in food, personal hygiene products, and human health. After removing the nut, high amounts of the shell residual,... 相似文献
995.
微型、小型和中型企业创造了巴西的主要财富.但是这些企业却难以遵守环境法律.在这种情况下,清洁生产意义重大;它使得应用简便、廉价、持续的解决方案帮助小企业减少其环境影响、降低雇员的健康和安全风险成为可能.清洁生产战略通过把中心放在减少浪费和损耗上而改善环境条件.在实施清洁生产措施的同时,对一些措施的环境效率和经济可行性进行评估.采用最多的是良好的内务管理等简便措施.良好的内务管理包括业务参数的最优化、程序的标准化、改进买卖系统以及维护、信息和培训程序的最优化.巴西良好的内务管理战略所占的优势表明了对低成本解决方案的优先选择. 相似文献
996.
Dayv Lowry Andrey Leonardo Fagundes de Castro Kyle Mara Lisa B. Whitenack Bryan Delius George H. Burgess Philip Motta 《Marine Biology》2009,156(12):2483-2492
Bite damage patterns have long been used to estimate shark species and body size, with somewhat limited success. The lack
of fit between damage patterns and shark size is partially due to variation in tooth size and shape within an individual.
The ability to accurately predict body size from bite patterns is important for better understanding the ecological and behavioral
underpinnings of shark bites/attacks on marine organisms, humans, and submarine equipment. To this end, we measured interdental
distance (IDD) between the most labial teeth in the first six tooth files on both the upper and lower jaws, as well as the
circumference of the portion of each jaw that bears teeth, for prepared jaw sets from fourteen shark species and regressed
these data against total length. IDD is allometric as well as an accurate predictor of total length in all species examined,
except Carcharhinus acronotus. Tooth-bearing circumference is also allometric and predictive of total length in all species. Though considerable overlap
exists in IDD and circumference ranges among species for the total length ranges examined, Carcharodon carcharias and Isurus sp. can be differentiated from Carcharhinus limbatus, Carcharhinus brevipinna, and C. acronotus based on these values alone. When combined with knowledge of species-specific feeding behavior, geographic distribution,
and habitat preferences, these simple measures from bite damage patterns allow quick, accurate assessment of shark size and
potential species. 相似文献
997.
This essay is a trial on measuring complexity in a three-trophic level system by using a convex function of the informational entropy. The complexity measure defined here is compatible with the fact that real complexity lies between ordered and disordered states. Applying this measure to the data collected for two three-trophic level systems some hints about their organization are obtained. 相似文献
998.
J. Bald A. Sinquin A. Borja N. Caill-Milly B. Duclercq C. Dang X. de Montaudouin 《Ecological modelling》2009
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve, 1850) is one of the mollusc species that, driven mainly by the shellfish market industry, has extended throughout the world, far beyond the limits of its original habitat. The Manila clam was introduced into France for aquaculture purposes, between 1972 and 1975. In France, this venerid culture became increasingly widespread and, since 1988, this species has colonised most of the embayments along the French Atlantic coast. In 2004, this development resulted in a fishery of ca. 520 t in Arcachon Bay. 相似文献
999.
Max A. Moritz Tadashi J. Moody Lori J. Miles Matthew M. Smith Perry de Valpine 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2009,16(2):271-289
Statistical characterization of past fire regimes is important for both the ecology and management of fire-prone ecosystems.
Survival analysis—or fire frequency analysis as it is often called in the fire literature—has increasingly been used over
the last few decades to examine fire interval distributions. These distributions can be generated from a variety of sources
(e.g., tree rings and stand age patterns), and analysis typically involves fitting the Weibull model. Given the widespread
use of fire frequency analysis and the increasing availability of mapped fire history data, our goal has been to review and
to examine some of the issues faced in applying these methods in a spatially explicit context. In particular, through a case
study on the massive Cedar Fire in 2003 in southern California, we examine sensitivities of parameter estimates to the spatial
resolution of sampling, point- and area-based methods for assigning sample values, current age surfaces versus historical
intervals in generating distributions, and the inclusion of censored (i.e., incomplete) observations. Weibull parameter estimates
were found to be roughly consistent with previous fire frequency analyses for shrublands (i.e., median age at burning of ~30–50 years
and relatively low age dependency). Results indicate, however, that the inclusion or omission of censored observations can
have a substantial effect on parameter estimates, far more than other decisions about specifics of sampling.
相似文献
Max A. MoritzEmail: |
1000.
Mitigation of agricultural nonpoint-source pesticide pollution in artificial wetland ecosystems 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Caroline Gregoire David Elsaesser David Huguenot Jens Lange Thierry Lebeau Annalisa Merli Robert Mose Elodie Passeport Sylvain Payraudeau Tobias Schütz Ralf Schulz Gabriela Tapia-Padilla Julien Tournebize Marco Trevisan Adrien Wanko 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2009,7(3):205-231
Contamination caused by pesticides in agriculture is a source of environmental poor water quality in some of the European Union countries. Without treatment or targeted mitigation, this pollution is diffused in the environment. Pesticides and some metabolites are of increasing concern because of their potential impacts on the environment, wildlife and human health. Within the context of the European Union (EU) water framework directive context to promote low pesticide-input farming and best management practices, the EU LIFE project ArtWET assessed the efficiency of ecological bioengineering methods using different artificial wetland (AW) prototypes throughout Europe. We optimized physical and biological processes to mitigate agricultural nonpoint-source pesticide pollution in artificial wetland ecosystems. Mitigation solutions were implemented at full-scale demonstration and experimental sites. We tested various bioremediation methods at seven experimental sites. These sites involved (1) experimental prototypes, such as vegetated ditches, a forest microcosm and 12 wetland mesocosms, and (2) demonstration prototypes: vegetated ditches, three detention ponds enhanced with technology of constructed wetlands, an outdoor bioreactor and a biomassbed. This set up provides a variety of hydrologic conditions, with some systems permanently flooded and others temporarily flooded. It also allowed to study the processes both in field and controlled conditions. In order to compare the efficiency of the wetlands, mass balances at the inlet and outlet of the artificial wetland will be used, taking into account the partition of the studied compound in water, sediments, plants, and suspended solids. The literature background necessary to harmonize the interdisciplinary work is reviewed here and the theoretical framework regarding pesticide removal mechanisms in artificial wetland is discussed. The development and the implementation of innovative approaches concerning various water quality sampling strategies for pesticide load estimates during flood, specific biological endpoints, innovative bioprocess applied to herbicide and copper mitigation to enhance the pesticide retention time within the artificial wetland, fate and transport using a 2D mixed hybrid finite element model are introduced. These future results will be useful to optimize hydraulic functioning, e.g., pesticide resident time, and biogeochemical conditions, e.g., dissipation, inside the artificial wetlands. Hydraulic retention times are generally too low to allow an optimized adsorption on sediment and organic materials accumulated in artificial wetlands. Absorption by plants is not either effective. The control of the hydraulic design and the use of adsorbing materials can be useful to increase the pesticides residence time and the contact between pesticides and biocatalyzers. Pesticide fluxes can be reduced by 50–80% when hydraulic pathways in artificial wetlands are optimized by increasing ten times the retention time, by recirculation of water, and by deceleration of the flow. Thus, using a bioremediation method should lead to an almost complete disappearance of pesticides pollution. To retain and treat the agricultural nonpoint-source po a major stake for a sustainable development. 相似文献