全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2700篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 33篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 75篇 |
废物处理 | 141篇 |
环保管理 | 261篇 |
综合类 | 482篇 |
基础理论 | 544篇 |
环境理论 | 2篇 |
污染及防治 | 799篇 |
评价与监测 | 244篇 |
社会与环境 | 182篇 |
灾害及防治 | 20篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 32篇 |
2022年 | 88篇 |
2021年 | 104篇 |
2020年 | 52篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 99篇 |
2017年 | 104篇 |
2016年 | 123篇 |
2015年 | 76篇 |
2014年 | 114篇 |
2013年 | 164篇 |
2012年 | 126篇 |
2011年 | 163篇 |
2010年 | 114篇 |
2009年 | 104篇 |
2008年 | 116篇 |
2007年 | 110篇 |
2006年 | 73篇 |
2005年 | 116篇 |
2004年 | 155篇 |
2003年 | 150篇 |
2002年 | 96篇 |
2001年 | 75篇 |
2000年 | 33篇 |
1999年 | 34篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 26篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 22篇 |
1994年 | 17篇 |
1993年 | 8篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 16篇 |
1990年 | 9篇 |
1989年 | 11篇 |
1988年 | 5篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 8篇 |
1985年 | 10篇 |
1984年 | 10篇 |
1983年 | 11篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 8篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 3篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1964年 | 4篇 |
1961年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有2750条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
961.
Enantiomer fractions instead of enantiomer ratios 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The use of enantiomer ratios (ERs) to indicate the relative amounts of a pair of enantiomers in a sample has some disadvantages. Enantiomer fractions (EFs) are proposed as an alternative expression to eliminate the difficulties. 相似文献
962.
Personal exposure to fine particulate matter in elderly subjects: relation between personal, indoor, and outdoor concentrations 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Janssen NA de Hartog JJ Hoek G Brunekreef B Lanki T Timonen KL Pekkanen J 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2000,50(7):1133-1143
The time-series correlation between ambient levels, indoor levels, and personal exposure to PM2.5 was assessed in panels of elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Helsinki, Finland. Subjects were followed for 6 months with biweekly clinical visits. Each subject's indoor and personal exposure to PM2.5 was measured biweekly, during the 24-hr period preceding the clinical visits. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured at fixed sites. The absorption coefficients of all PM2.5 filters were measured as a marker for elemental carbon (EC). Regression analyses were conducted for each subject separately, and the distribution of the individual regression and correlation coefficients was investigated. Personal, indoor, and ambient concentrations were highly correlated within subjects over time. Median Pearson's R between personal and outdoor PM2.5 was 0.79 in Amsterdam and 0.76 in Helsinki. For absorption, these values were 0.93 and 0.81 for Amsterdam and Helsinki, respectively. The findings of this study provide further support for using fixed-site measurements as a measure of exposure to PM2.5 in epidemiological time-series studies. 相似文献
963.
Schmidt S 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(3):183-187
The efficiency of a water treatment program or a water monitoring program can be checked only if it is accompanied by water analysis procedures allowing meaningful statements on water quality. Meaningful statements do not only include high accuracy, but high precision as well. With high precision values, good repeatability and reproducibility is aimed for. Repeatability and reproducibility may either be monitored by regular inter-laboratory trials, without prescribing a distinct analytical method, or by applying a standardized method which has undergone thorough checks concerning its reliability and efficiency. The article presents the structure of the ISO, CEN and DIN standardization work in water analysis. 相似文献
964.
Rodríguez-Aguilar Maribel Díaz de León-Martínez Lorena García-Luna Sofía Gómez-Gómez Alejandro González-Palomo Ana Karen Pérez-Vázquez Francisco Javier Díaz-Barriga Fernando Trujillo Joyce Flores-Ramírez Rogelio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25825-25833
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Indoor air pollution is an important risk factor for the generation of lung diseases in developing countries. The indigenous population is... 相似文献
965.
Levels and trends of brominated flame retardants in the Arctic 总被引:24,自引:0,他引:24
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) containing two to seven bromines are ubiquitous in Arctic biotic and abiotic samples (from zooplankton to polar bears (Ursus maritimus) and humans; air, soil, sediments). The fully brominated decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209), hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs) are also present in biotic and abiotic samples. Spatial trends of PBDEs and HBCD in top predators are similar to those seen for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and indicate western Europe and eastern North America as source regions. Concentrations of tetra- to heptaBDEs have increased significantly in North American and Greenlandic Arctic biota and in Greenland freshwater sediments paralleling trends seen further south. For BDE-209, increasing concentrations in Greenlandic peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) and in dated lake sediment cores in the Canadian Arctic have been seen during the 1990s. BDE-47, -99, -100 and -153 are observed to biomagnify in Arctic food webs. summation operatorPBDE concentrations in Arctic samples are lower than in similar sample types from more southerly regions and are one or more orders of magnitude lower than summation operatorPCB concentrations except for some levels for air. Air and harbor sediment results for PBDEs indicate that there are local sources near highly populated areas within the Arctic. Findings of PBBs on moss and TBBPA on an air filter, and that both are found in biota at high trophic levels indicates that these compounds may also reach the Arctic by long-range atmospheric transport. Based on the evidence of their presence in the Arctic and indications that most if not all are undergoing long-range transport, these brominated flame retardants (BFRs) have characteristics that qualify them as POPs according to the Stockholm Convention. 相似文献
966.
Schmitt C Vogt C Machala M de Deckere E 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(8):1398-1404
Background and scope
Effect-directed analysis is increasingly used for the identification of key toxicants in environmental samples and there is a growing need for in vivo biotests as diagnostic tools. Within this study, we performed an in vivo sediment contact test, applicable on both native field samples and their extracts or fractions, in order to be able to compare the results from both field and laboratory studies. 相似文献967.
The bioaccumulation of perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA) and two fluorotelomer alcohols (8:2 FTOH, 10:2 FTOH) by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) through dietary exposure, including depuration rates and metabolism was investigated. Concentrations in the spiked feed ranged from 10.9 μg g−1 wet weight (wet wt) for PFOSA and 6.7 μg g−1 wet wt for 8:2 FTOH to 5.0 μg g−1 wet wt for 10:2 FTOH. Trout was fed at 1.5% body weight per day for 30 d and depuration was followed for up to 30 d following previously published dietary exposure protocols. Perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) was the major perfluoroalkylsulfonate (PFSA) detected in fish following dietary exposure to PFOSA. Half-lives of PFOS and PFOSA were 16.9 ± 2.5 and 6.0 ± 0.4 d, respectively. A biomagnification factor (BMF) of 0.023 was calculated for PFOSA which indicates that dietary exposure to PFOSA does not result in biomagnification in the rainbow trout. PFOS had a BMF of 0.08. The fluorotelomer saturated acids (8:2 FTCA, 10:2 FTCA) and fluorotelomer unsaturated acids (8:2 FTUCA, 10:2 FTUCA) were the major products detected in rainbow trout following dietary exposure to 8:2 FTOH and 10:2 FTOH, respectively. Half-lives were 3.7 ± 0.4, 2.1 ± 0.5, 3.3, and 1.3 d for 10:2 FTCA, 10:2 FTUCA, 8:2 FTCA, and 8:2 FTUCA, respectively. Small amounts of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorodecanoate (PFDA) were also detected in the FTOH exposed fish. 相似文献
968.
da Costa Machado Matos Carvalho IM Cavalcante AA Dantas AF Pereira DL Rocha FC Oliveira FM Da Silva J 《Chemosphere》2011,82(7):1056-1061
Sodium metabisulfite is used in marine shrimp harvesting to prevent the occurrence of black spots. Shrimps are soaked in a sodium metabisulfite solution in ice, which is disposed of in sewages that run into marine canals, creating an environmental hazard. This study evaluates the toxicity and mutagenicity caused by sodium metabisulfite in sea waters and sediments collected in a shrimp farm in Cajueiro da Praia (Luis Correia), state of Piauí, Brazil, using the Allium cepa assay. Water and sediment samples were collected in the dry and in the rainy seasons, in three sites: upstream the shrimp farm (Site 1), at the point sodium metabisulfite is discharged (Site 2), and 100 m downstream the farm (Site 3). Three sample dilutions were used (50%, 25% and 10%) for all samples. A negative control (well water) and a positive control (copper sulfate 0.0006 mg mL−1) were used in each experiment. At the end of the 72-h exposure period, onion roots were measured and removed. Mutagenicity analysis included the determination of mitotic index, chromosomal aberrations and the detection of micronuclei; analysis of root size and mitotic index were used as an index of toxicity. The A. cepa assay revealed that the water and sediments samples collected in the Piauí coast contaminated with sodium metabisulfite induce toxicity. The results demonstrate that the assay may be used as a regular tool in the analysis of water parameters in shrimp farms in the coast of Piauí state, and in strategies to preserve the region’s marine ecosystem. 相似文献
969.
Soil amendments based on crop nutrient requirements are considered a beneficial management practice. A greenhouse experiment with maize seeds (Zea mays L.) was conducted to assess the inputs of metals to agricultural land from soil amendments. Maize seeds were exposed to a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost (50 Mg ha−1) and NPK fertilizer (33 g plant−1) amendments considering N plant requirement until the harvesting stage with the following objectives: (1) determine the accumulation of total and available metals in soil and (2) know the uptake and ability of translocation of metals from roots to different plant parts, and their effect on biomass production. The results showed that MSW compost increased Cu, Pb and Zn in soil, while NPK fertilizer increased Cd and Ni, but decreased Hg concentration in soil. The root system acted as a barrier for Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg, so metal uptake and translocation were lower in aerial plant parts. Biomass production was significantly enhanced in both MSW and NPK fertilizer-amended soils (17%), but also provoked slight increases of metals and their bioavailability in soil. The highest metal concentrations were observed in roots, but there were no significant differences between plants growing in amended soil and the control soil. Important differences were found for aerial plant parts as regards metal accumulation, whereas metal levels in grains were negligible in all the treatments. 相似文献
970.
de Vries W McLaughlin MJ Groenenberg JE 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3583-3594
To assess transport and ecotoxicological risks of metals, such as cadmium (Cd) in soils, models are needed for partitioning and speciation. We derived regression-based “partition-relations” based on adsorption and desorption experiments for main Australian soil types. First, batch adsorption experiments were carried out over a realistic range of dissolved Cd concentrations in agricultural soils in Australia. Results showed linear sorption relationships, implying the adequacy of using Kd values to describe partitioning. Desorption measurements were then carried out to assess in-situ Kd values and relate these to soil properties The best transfer functions for solid-solution partitioning were found for Kd values relating total dissolved Cd concentration to total soil Cd concentrations, accounting for the variation in pH, SOM contents and DOC concentrations. Model predictions compared well with measurements of an independent data set, but there was a tendency to underestimate dissolved Cd concentrations of highly polluted soils. 相似文献