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871.
Lígia Maria Crubelati Bulla Julio Cesar Polonio Ana Luiza de Brito Portela-Castro Vanessa Kava João Lúcio Azevedo João Alencar Pamphile 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(2):88
The current study investigates the potential for discolouration and degradation of Reactive Blue 19 and Reactive Black 5 textile dyes by endophytic fungi Phlebia sp. and Paecilomyces formosus as well as the potential cytotoxicity of products or by-products generated by the treatments in fish erythrocytes. It was observed at 30 days that both endophytes showed biodegradation activity with 0.1 g mL?1 of dyes. P. formosus showed highest extracellular and intracellular protein content levels after the 15th day, and Phlebia sp. stands out for production of extracellular laccase, indicating that this enzyme may be associated with the decolouration capacity. The dyes showed toxic effects in fishes at 0.01 g mL?1 concentration, resulting in the appearance of micronuclei in erythrocyte cells. When degraded dyes treated by endophytes were tested, the frequency of micronuclei reduced approximately 20%, indicating the effectiveness of these endophytic in the treatment of textile dyes with less environmental impact, thus indicating a potential for application of these fungi in bioremediation process. 相似文献
872.
Medeiros Vinci R Jacxsens L Van Loco J Matsiko E Lachat C de Schaetzen T Canfyn M Van Overmeire I Kolsteren P De Meulenaer B 《Chemosphere》2012,88(8):1001-1007
Benzene is a volatile organic compound known to be carcinogenic to humans (Group 1) and may be present in food. In the present study, 455 food samples from the Belgian market were analyzed for benzene contents and some possible sources of its occurrence in the foodstuffs were evaluated. Benzene was found above the level of detection in 58% of analyzed samples with the highest contents found in processed foods such as smoked and canned fish, and foods which contained these as ingredients (up to 76.21 μg kg−1). Unprocessed foods such as raw meat, fish, and eggs contained much lower concentrations of benzene. Using the benzene concentrations in food, a quantitative dietary exposure assessment of benzene intake was conducted on a national representative sample of the Belgian population over 15 years of age. The mean benzene intake for all foods was 0.020 μg kg bw d−1 according to a probabilistic analysis. These values are below the minimum risk level for oral chronic exposure to benzene (0.5 μg kg bw d−1). 相似文献
873.
T. L. C. de Souza 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):792-795
Various techniques of determining total reduced sulphur (TRS) gases that are emitted in the manufacture of pulp and paper, particularly in the kraft pulping process, are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on two types of popular TRS analyzers used in Canada, viz. coulometers and gas chromatographs, with a discussion on the automation of the latter. 相似文献
874.
Noel de Nevers Kin Wan Lee Neil H. Frank 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):995-1000
The highest values in annual TSP distributions fall below the best-fit, log-normal straight line more than one would expect from ordinary sampling statistics but not dramatically so. The lowest values in annual TSP distributions overwhelmingly fall below the best-fit, log-normal straight line. The most highly improbable high values above the best-fit line in such distributions are very questionable and probably do not represent true air quality values. The most improbable cases of highest values falling below the best-fit, log-normal line are the result of data artifacts at the opposite end of the data distribution. They do not represent low probabilities and probably do represent true air quality values. The most improbable low values are all of highly doubtful validity. 相似文献
875.
Nicole A.H. Janssen Jeroen J. de Hartog Gerard Hoek Bert Brunekreef Timo Lanki Kirsi L. Timonen 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):1133-1143
ABSTRACT The time-series correlation between ambient levels, indoor levels, and personal exposure to PM2.5 was assessed in panels of elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and Helsinki, Finland. Subjects were followed for 6 months with biweekly clinical visits. Each subject's indoor and personal exposure to PM2.5 was measured biweekly, during the 24-hr period preceding the clinical visits. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured at fixed sites. The absorption coefficients of all PM2.5 filters were measured as a marker for elemental carbon (EC). Regression analyses were conducted for each subject separately, and the distribution of the individual regression and correlation coefficients was investigated. Personal, indoor, and ambient concentrations were highly correlated within subjects over time. Median Pearson's R between personal and outdoor PM2.5 was 0.79 in Amsterdam and 0.76 in Helsinki. For absorption, these values were 0.93 and 0.81 for Amsterdam and Helsinki, respectively. The findings of this study provide further support for using fixed-site measurements as a measure of exposure to PM2.5 in epidemiological time-series studies. 相似文献
876.
Perfluorinated alkylated substances in vegetables collected in four European countries; occurrence and human exposure estimations 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dorte Herzke Sandra Huber Lieven Bervoets Wendy D’Hollander Jana Hajslova Jana Pulkrabova Gianfranco Brambilla Stefania Paola De Filippis Stefanie Klenow Gerhard Heinemeyer Pim de Voogt 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(11):7930-7939
The human diet is recognised as one possible major exposure route to the overall perfluorinated alkylated substances (PFAS) burden of the human population, resulting directly from contamination of dietary food items, as well as migration of PFAS from food packaging or cookware. Most European countries carry out national monitoring programs (food basket studies) to monitor contamination with pollutants. Usually, for PFASs, non-coordinated approaches are used in Europe, since food basket studies are mainly carried out by national authorities following national requirements and questions, making comparisons between different countries difficult. A harmonised sampling campaign collecting similar food items in a uniform procedure enabling direct comparison between different regions in Europe was designed. We selected four countries (Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy and Norway), representing the four regions of Europe: West, East, South and North. In spring 2010 and 2011, 20 different types of vegetables were sampled in Belgium, Czech Republic, Italy and Norway. Perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were the main group of detected PFASs, with perfluorinated octanoic acid (PFOA) as the most abundant PFCA (with exception of samples from Czech Republic), followed by perfluorinated hexanoic acid and perfluorinated nonanoic acid. Dietary intake estimates for PFOA show only low human exposure due to vegetable consumption for adults and children, mostly governed by high intake of potatoes. 相似文献
877.
O. Iglesias M. A. Fernández de Dios M. Pazos M. A. Sanromán 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(9):5983-5993
This study explores the possibility of using iron-loaded sepiolite, obtained by recovering iron from polluted water, as a catalyst in the electro-Fenton oxidation of organic pollutants in textile effluents. The removal of iron ions from aqueous solution by adsorption on sepiolite was studied in batch tests at iron concentrations between 100 and 1,000 ppm. Electro-Fenton experiments were carried out in an electrochemical cell with a working volume of 0.15 L, an air flow of 1 L/min, and 3 g of iron-loaded sepiolite. An electric field was applied using a boron-doped diamond anode and a graphite sheet cathode connected to a direct current power supply with a constant potential drop. Reactive Black 5 (100 mg/L) was selected as the model dye. The adsorption isotherms proved the ability of the used adsorbent. The removal of the iron ion by adsorption on sepiolite was in the range of 80–100 % for the studied concentration range. The Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were found to be applicable in terms of the relatively high regression values. Iron-loaded sepiolite could be used as an effective heterogeneous catalyst for the degradation of organic dyes in the electro-Fenton process. Successive batch processes were performed at optimal working conditions (5 V and pH 2). The results indicate the suitability of the proposed combined process, adsorption to iron remediation followed by the application of the obtained iron-loaded sepiolite to the electro-Fenton technique, to oxidize polluted effluents. 相似文献
878.
Levels of organochlorine pesticides in Amazon turtle (Podocnemis unifilis) in the Xingu River,Brazil
Marina Teófilo Pignati Larissa Costa De Souza Rosivaldo de Alcântara Mendes Marcelo de Oliveira Lima Wanderlei Antonio Pignati Juarez Carlos Brito Pezzuti 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(12):810-816
AbstractDue to the toxicity and high environmental persistence of organochlorine pesticides in aquatic organisms, turtles have been studied as environment biomonitors. These animals are important sources of protein for the riverside and indigenous peoples of the Brazilian amazon. In the present study, organochlorine pesticide contamination was investigated in Podocnemis unifilis. Liver, muscle and fatty tissue samples were removed from 50 specimens collected from five sampling points located in the Xingu River basin. Fourteen organochlorine pesticides were analysed via gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (CG-ECD). Eight organochlorine pesticides were detected with average concentrations of ∑DDT, ∑Endossulfan and ∑HCH which were 26.17?±?26.35, 14.38?±?23.77 and 1.39?±?8.46?ng g?1 in moisture content, respectively. DDT compounds were the most predominant, with a greater concentration of pp′-DDT in the liver and pp′-DDD in the muscle. Significant differences were noted between the types of tissues studied, and the concentration of OCPs varied between sampling sites. 相似文献
879.
Alexandre Carneiro Silvino Danielle Bonilha de Abreu Talina Martins Aline da Costa Rodrigues Marcos Lopes Dias 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2013,21(4):1002-1008
Solid state polymerizations (SSP) and the kinetic behavior in melt state of l-lactide polymerizations employing magnesium stearate as catalyst were investigated. The solid state polymerizations were carried out in two steps where pre-polymers were first prepared in melt polymerizations at 180 °C and the subsequent post-polymerizations were performed around the Tc of polylactide (PLA). In order to find the initial SSP conditions, kinetic profiles of melt polymerizations of l-lactide with magnesium stearate were determined. According to the kinetics data the melt polymerizations were found to be first order with respect to lactide as evident from a linear relationship of logarithmic variations of l-lactide concentration versus time using catalyst/monomer ratios of 1:500 and 1:5,000. When the catalyst content is increased to 1:100 the relationship loses its linearity due to fast propagation in the early stages of the reaction. From the GPC data it can be noted that the molecular weight of PLA can be increased by 5–17 times under the conditions established for our SSP experiments. A comparison between the two step solid state polymerizations and already reported melt polymerizations using the same catalyst showed that SSP furnished polymers with much lower amount of polymer degradation. 相似文献
880.
Xiaoyun Bing Marlies de Keizer Jacqueline M. Bloemhof-Ruwaard Jack G.A.J. van der Vorst 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2014,34(4):719-729
Plastic waste is a special category of municipal solid waste. Plastic waste collection is featured with various alternatives of collection methods (curbside/drop-off) and separation methods (source-/post-separation). In the Netherlands, the collection routes of plastic waste are the same as those of other waste, although plastic is different than other waste in terms of volume to weight ratio. This paper aims for redesigning the collection routes and compares the collection options of plastic waste using eco-efficiency as performance indicator. Eco-efficiency concerns the trade-off between environmental impacts, social issues and costs. The collection problem is modeled as a vehicle routing problem. A tabu search heuristic is used to improve the routes. Collection alternatives are compared by a scenario study approach. Real distances between locations are calculated with MapPoint. The scenario study is conducted based on real case data of the Dutch municipality Wageningen. Scenarios are designed according to the collection alternatives with different assumptions in collection method, vehicle type, collection frequency and collection points, etc. Results show that the current collection routes can be improved in terms of eco-efficiency performance by using our method. The source-separation drop-off collection scenario has the best performance for plastic collection assuming householders take the waste to the drop-off points in a sustainable manner. The model also shows to be an efficient decision support tool to investigate the impacts of future changes such as alternative vehicle type and different response rates. 相似文献