Risk of exposure to Hg and pesticides residues in a traditional fishing community in the Amazon: a probabilistic approach based on dietary pattern

Exposure to mercury (Hg) and pesticides (o.p’DDT, p.p’DDT, o.p’DDE, and p.p’DDE) in the Amazon through eating fish is of concern due to the large participation of this food in the diet of traditional fishing communities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the estimated daily intake (EDI) and the incremental lifetime cancer risk associated with Hg and o.p’DDT, p.p’DDT, o.p’DDE, and p.p’DDE in an Amazonian community. The results showed that for Hg, the EDI from carnivorous and detritivorous fish had the highest values, while for pesticides, the EDI from detritivorous fish intake had the highest value. The incremental lifetime cancer risk was below the permitted limit. A recommendation for controlling the high risk of exposure includes the reduction of detritivorous fish ingestion and/or replacement with herbivorous fish, which had lower EDI. We highlight the importance of investigating the human dietary patterns when estimating risk of exposure to Hg and pesticides.

     

除草剂草甘膦在土壤中的吸附行为

研究了除草剂草甘膦在3种土壤中的吸附行为, 观察了pH和离子强度等因素对吸附的影响. 结果表明:草甘膦在3种土壤中的吸附过程均符合一级动力学规律, 吸附等温线均为直线,吸附常数K_d 2.2207～3.5280mL/g; 随着离子强度的降低, 草甘膦在3种土壤中的吸附量明显增大; 随着pH(9～3)逐渐减小, 草甘膦在呼和浩特特市土壤和东胜土壤中的吸附量增大, 在杭锦2号土中的吸附量先增大, 在pH=7时达到最大值, pH=5时开始下降, 下降到4时的吸附量与pH=9时的相等.     

静态垛好氧堆肥堆体中氧气浓度和耗氧速率的垂直分布特征

探讨堆体不同深度的氧气浓度和耗氧速率特征,对于改进堆体结构、改善堆肥工艺有重要意义.本文分析了猪粪好氧堆肥过程中,堆体不同深度氧气补充和消耗的特点及原因.在不同堆肥时期,通风充氧后,堆体各部位氧气浓度都可以恢复到17%～20.6%.停止通风后,堆体上部氧气浓度的减小速度比中、下部快,减小后氧气浓度较下部低,最低可至3%.随着堆肥的进行,停止通风后经过相同的时间,各部位通风前的氧气浓度逐渐升高,高温阶段中期以后,中、下部通风前的氧气浓度可以达到10%以上,氧气浓度的减小趋势也逐渐减缓.