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81.
Alfredo Montero Alvarez Juan R. Estévez Alvarez Clístenes Williams Araújo do Nascimento Iván Pupo González Oscar Díaz Rizo Lázaro Lima Carzola Roberto Ayllón Torres Jorge Gómez Pascual 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(1):28
Epiphytic lichens, collected from 119 sampling sites grown over “Roistonea Royal Palm” trees, were used to assess the spatial distribution pattern of lead (Pb) and identify possible pollution sources in Havana (Cuba). Lead concentrations in lichens and topsoils were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry and inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometry, respectively, while Pb in crude oils and gasoline samples were measured by ICP-time of flight mass spectrometry (ICP-ToF-MS). Lead isotopic ratios measurements for lichens, soils, and crude oils were obtained by ICP-ToF-MS. We found that enrichment factors (EF) reflected a moderate contamination for 71% of the samples (EF > 10). The 206Pb/207Pb ratio values for lichens ranged from 1.17 to 1.20 and were a mixture of natural radiogenic and industrial activities (e.g., crude oils and fire plants). The low concentration of Pb found in gasoline (<7.0 μg L?1) confirms the official statement that leaded gasoline is no longer used in Cuba. 相似文献
82.
Karoline Carvalho Dornelas Roselene Maria Schneider Adriana Garcia do Amaral 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2017,189(8):407
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of heat treatment on poultry litter with different levels of reutilisation for potential generation of biogas in experimental biodigesters. Chicken litter used was obtained from two small-scale poultry houses where 14 birds m?2 were housed for a period of 42 days per cycle. Litter from aviary 1 received no heat treatment while each batch of litter produced from aviary 2 underwent a fermentation process. For each batch taken, two biodigesters were set for each aviary, with hydraulic retention time of 35 days. The efficiency of the biodigestion process was evaluated by biogas production in relation to total solids (TS) added, as well as the potential for power generation. Quantified volumes ranged from 8.9 to 41.1 L of biogas for aviary 1, and 6.7 to 33.9 L of biogas for aviary 2, with the sixth bed reused from both aviaries registering the largest biogas potential. Average potential biogas in m3 kg?1 of TS added were 0.022 to 0.034 for aviary 1 and 0.015 to 0.022 for aviary 2. Energy values ??of biogas produced were calculated based on calorific value and ranged from 0.06 to 0.33 kWh for chicken litter without fermentation and from 0.05 to 0.27 kWh for chicken litter with fermentation. It was concluded that the re-use of poultry litter resulted in an increase in biogas production, and the use of fermentation in the microbiological treatment of poultry litter seems to have negatively influenced production of biogas. 相似文献
83.
84.
Marco Antonio DS Guidugli-Lazzarini KR do Nascimento AM Simões ZL Hartfelder K 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2008,95(10):953-961
The switch from within-hive activities to foraging behavior is a major transition in the life cycle of a honeybee (Apis mellifera) worker. A prominent regulatory role in this switch has long been attributed to juvenile hormone (JH), but recent evidence
also points to the yolk precursor protein vitellogenin as a major player in behavioral development. In the present study,
we injected vitellogenin double-stranded RNA (dsVg) into newly emerged worker bees of Africanized genetic origin and introduced them together with
controls into observation hives to record flight behavior. RNA interference-mediated silencing of vitellogenin gene function shifted the onset of long-duration flights (>10 min) to earlier in life (by 3–4 days) when compared with sham
and untreated control bees. In fact, dsVg bees were observed conducting such flights extremely precociously, when only 3 days
old. Short-duration flights (<10 min), which bees usually perform for orientation and cleaning, were not affected. Additionally,
we found that the JH titer in dsVg bees collected after 7 days was not significantly different from the controls. The finding
that depletion of the vitellogenin titer can drive young bees to become extremely precocious foragers could imply that vitellogenin
is the primary switch signal. At this young age, downregulation of vitellogenin gene activity apparently had little effect on the JH titer. As this unexpected finding stands in contrast with previous results
on the vitellogenin/JH interaction at a later age, when bees normally become foragers, we propose a three-step sequence in
the constellation of physiological parameters underlying behavioral development.
David Santos Marco Antonio and Karina Rosa Guidugli-Lazzarini contributed equally to the present study. 相似文献
85.
Regional Environmental Change - Avalanche risk changes through time due to climate, landscape and socio-environmental transformations. These drivers exhibit space-time variations as function of... 相似文献
86.
87.
Paulo Rogério Miranda Correia Bruno Xavier do Valle Melissa Dazzani Maria Elena Infante-Malachias 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(7):678-685
Scientific literacy can be considered as a new demand of post-industrial society. It seems necessary in order to foster education for sustainability throughout students' academic careers. Universities striving to teach sustainability are being challenged to integrate a holistic perspective into a traditional undergraduate curriculum, which aims at specialization. This new integrative, inter- and transdisciplinary epistemological approach is necessary to cultivate autonomous citizenship, i.e., that each citizen be prepared to understand and participate in discussions about the complex contemporary issues posed by post-industrial society. This paper presents an epistemological framework to show the role of scientific literacy in fostering education for sustainability. We present a set of 26 collaborative concept maps (CCmaps) in order to illustrate an instance of theory becoming practice. During a required course for first-year undergraduate students (ACH 0011, Natural Sciences), climate change was presented and discussed in broad perspective by using CCmaps. We present students' CCmaps to show how they use concepts from quantitative and literacy disciplines to deal with the challenges posed by the need of achieving a sustainable development. 相似文献
88.
Maria Cléa Brito de Figueirêdo Geraldo Stachetti Rodrigues Armando Caldeira-Pires Morsyleide de Freitas Rosa Fernando Antônio Sousa de Aragão Vicente de Paulo Pereira Barbosa Vieira Francisco Suetônio Bastos Mota 《Journal of Cleaner Production》2010,18(14):1366-1375
As sustainability considerations increasingly dominate the technology development debate worldwide, practical approaches to assess environmental performance of innovations have been warranted. The present study (Part 1) introduces Ambitec-Life Cycle, a method derived from Ambitec-Agro for considering life cycle thinking in the environmental performance evaluation (EPE) of agro-industrial innovations. An agro-industrial innovation case study related to residue recycling is presented, revealing steps in the product life cycle where opportunities are best for technological improvements. In Part 2 (this issue) of this study, a methodological approach for considering the environmental vulnerability of watersheds and to integrate this analysis in EPE methods is presented. This approach is applied to Ambitec-Life Cycle and to the same residue case study, allowing the identification of performance indicators with greater potential to cause impacts at the studied watersheds. 相似文献
89.
de Castro Medeiros Luciana de Alencar Feliphe Lacerda Souza Navoni Julio Alejandro de Araujo André Luis Calado do Amaral Viviane Souza 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(6):5316-5332
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Chlorine is considered the most used chemical agent for water disinfection worldwide. However, water chlorination can lead to by-product generation... 相似文献
90.
José S. Antunes do Carmo Maria G. Neves Mechteld ten Voorde 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2011,15(1):99-112
Multifunctional artificial reefs are submerged breakwaters that serve several purposes. As well as protecting the local coastline,
they enhance surfing possibilities and/or increase the environmental value of the area where they are situated. Multifunctional
artificial reefs (MFARs) have some promising new aspects, too: first, they provide an unimpaired visual amenity, and second,
they can offer tourist and economic benefits by improving the surfing conditions. Regarding the functionality of an MFAR,
much research has been carried out on surfability, i.e. whether a wave is good for surfers. However, no research has yet been
done on the influence of the submergence and the length of the reef slope on the breaker type, even though this is important
for the design of the reef in terms of surfability. A preliminary design was achieved step by step, making use of the theory
and state of the art of multifunctional artificial reefs (Voorde et al. 2009a, 2009b). This reef geometry was then used as an initial design in physical and numerical tests. These were performed to ascertain
the capacity of a multifunctional reef to serve as a submerged breakwater and so protect the local coastline of Leirosa, Portugal,
and improve the local surfing possibilities. This paper describes the numerical study conducted to analyze the influences
of the main relevant parameters in the vertical plane, namely: the height, the submergence, and the length and slope of the
reef. The investigation was conducted using the COBRAS-UC numerical model in the vertical plane and the main results and conclusions
are described and presented; a brief discussion and some recommendations for future work are also included. 相似文献