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41.
Miguel Costa Leal Patricia N. Pochelon Teresa Lopes da Silva Alberto Reis Rui Rosa Ricardo Calado 《Marine Biology》2013,160(4):763-772
Offspring quality of decapod crustaceans has been widely studied, with special emphasis on the sources of variability determining embryonic and larval quality. Nevertheless, maternal provisioning has commonly been overlooked as a potential source of offspring within-brood variability. In the present study, the existence of variable maternal provisioning was assessed through the analysis of the fatty acid (FA) profile of newly extruded embryos from different regions of the brooding chamber of Homarus gammarus. Significant differences in the FA profile of embryos sampled from different pleopods and sides of the brooding chamber were recorded. Significant deviations of the overall mean of each surveyed female were also observed for essential FA, particularly 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3. Lipid energy available to fuel embryogenesis also varied among embryos sampled from different regions of the brooding chamber. Results suggest variable female investment at oocyte production, which may be amplified during the incubation period of developing embryos by differential lipid catabolism. For the first time, maternal provisioning is evidenced as an additional source for within-brood variability in the FA profile of embryos. 相似文献
42.
Reis AP Patinha C Ferreira da Silva E Sousa AJ 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):229-241
The Marrancos gold mineralisation has a chemical assemblage of Fe–As–Se–Bi–Au–Ag–Te–(Cu–Pb–Zn–Sn–W). The −200 mesh of 144
topsoil samples was analysed by ICP–MS to determine total contents of 53 elements that include potentially harmful elements
like Cd, As and Pb. The soil geochemistry shows that some trace elements occur in considerably high concentrations. On the
basis of data for total metal concentrations, 10 topsoil samples were selected to carry out a metal fractionation study using
a selective extraction method. A set of four leaches of increasing strength was used sequentially in the soil samples. Across
the study area, there is some evidence of past mining and exploration activity, indicating that these soils may be locally
disturbed. The shallow mineralised quartz veins were exploited for gold by the Romans. Several galleries were constructed
during the 2nd World War, probably for the exploration of quartz–cassiterite–wolframite veins. However, the main mineralised
body in depth was never explored. The results of metal fractionation show different partitions for the three elements. Total
Cd concentrations in these soils are low, with a median value of 0.1 mg/kg. In average, 12% of total Cd is adsorbed by clays
and/or co-precipitated with carbonates, and 19% is bounded to Fe–Mn oxyhydroxides. However, the low concentrations indicate
that the metal does not represent an immediate risk to human health. For Pb, metal fractionation shows that, on average, 22%
of Pb is adsorbed by amorphous Fe and Mn oxides, but the samples from the northern part of the area have the major fractions
of Pb in soluble forms. The low probability of exposure in this part of the study area decreases the risk posed by this heavy
metal. Total As concentrations in the Marrancos soils are extremely high. A large area has As concentrations above 1,000 mg/kg.
For As, metal fractions in the sulphide phase vary between 84 and 98% in the studied samples. But one sample has 20% of total
As in easily reducible forms, corresponding to a partial concentration of 1,800 mg/kg that has a high probability of being
bioavailable. The most labile As forms occur at the southern part of the area, where the probability of exposure is higher
and the risk of human health increases in the same order. From the three studied potentially harmful elements, As is certainly
the element of concern. 相似文献
43.
Diana Paula Silva Linhares Patrícia Ventura Garcia Catarina Silva Joana Barroso Nadya Kazachkova Rui Pereira Manuela Lima Ricardo Camarinho Teresa Ferreira Armindo dos Santos Rodrigues 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2018,40(5):1713-1724
Hydrothermal areas are potentially hazardous to humans as volcanic gases such as radon (222Rn) are continuously released from soil diffuse degassing. Exposure to radon is estimated to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, but little is known about radon health-associated risks in hydrothermal regions. This cross-sectional study was designed to evaluate the DNA damage in the buccal epithelial cells of individuals chronically exposed to indoor radon in a volcanic area (Furnas volcano, Azores, Portugal) with a hydrothermal system. Buccal epithelial cells were collected from 33 individuals inhabiting the hydrothermal area (Ribeira Quente village) and from 49 individuals inhabiting a non-hydrothermal area (Ponta Delgada city). Indoor radon was measured with Ramon 2.2 detectors. Chromosome damage was measured by micronucleus cytome assay, and RAPD-PCR was used as a complementary tool to evaluate DNA damage, using three 10-mer primers (D11, F1 and F12). Indoor radon concentration correlated positively with the frequency of micronucleated cells (r s = 0.325, p = 0.003). Exposure to radon is a risk factor for the occurrence micronucleated cells in the inhabitants of the hydrothermal area (RR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.2–2.4; p = 0.003). One RAPD-PCR primer (F12) produced differences in the banding pattern, a fact that can indicate its potential for detecting radon-induced specific genomic alterations. The observed association between chronic exposure to indoor radon and the occurrence of chromosome damage in human oral epithelial cells evidences the usefulness of biological surveillance to assess mutations involved in pre-carcinogenesis in hydrothermal areas, reinforcing the need for further studies with human populations living in these areas. 相似文献
44.
de F. Araújo Karla C. de P. Barreto Jéssica P. Cardozo Jussara C. dos Santos Elisama Vieira de Araújo Danyelle M. Martínez-Huitle Carlos A. 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2018,16(2):647-652
Environmental Chemistry Letters - There is increasing concern about contamination by surfactants that are used to extract organic pollutants during remediation of polluted soils and aquifers. For... 相似文献
45.
46.
Leite Luan de Souza Ogura Allan Pretti dos Santos Danilo Vitorino Espíndola Evaldo Luiz Gaeta Daniel Luiz Antonio 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(24):35800-35810
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Algal organic matter (AOM) in water reservoirs is a worldwide concern for drinking water treatment; once it is one of the main precursors for... 相似文献
47.
Giovanni A. P. dos Santos Sofie Derycke Verônica G. F. Genevois Luana C. B. B. Coelho Maria T. S. Correia Tom Moens 《Marine Biology》2009,156(4):629-640
Accurate prediction of the biodiversity–ecosystem functioning relationship requires adequate understanding of the interactions
among species in a community. Effects of species diversity on ecosystem functioning are usually considered more pronounced
with increasing functional dissimilarity, although species within functional groups may also perform non-identical functions
and interact with each other. Here we present results of a laboratory experimental study aimed at elucidating whether interspecific
interactions among species within a single nematode trophic group, bacterivores, (1) affect population development and community
structure, and (2) depend on food availability. We studied the population growth of Rhabditis (Pellioditis) marina, a rhabditid nematode known to favour very high food densities when in monoculture, and of Diplolaimelloides meyli and D. oschei, congeneric Monhysteridae known to perform better in monocultures at intermediate food availability. Both Diplolaimelloides species showed significantly different patterns of food-density dependence in combination culture compared to monoculture.
At very high food availability, the rhabditid nematode facilitated growth of both monhysterid species, probably as a result
of down-regulation of bacterial density. At the lowest food availabilities, the presence of even low numbers of monhysterid
nematodes lead to exclusion of the rhabditid, which at such low food availability has a very inefficient food uptake. At intermediate
food availabilities, abundances of both Diplolaimelloides species were strongly depressed in the combination culture, as a result of food depletion by the rhabditid, indirect inhibitory
interactions between the two congeneric species, or both. The complexity of the species interactions render predictions on
the outcome and functional consequences of changes in within-trophic-group diversity highly problematic. 相似文献
48.
Collection and recycling of electronic scrap: a worldwide overview and comparison with the Brazilian situation 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Recycling and the related issue of sustainable development are increasing in importance around the world. In Brazil, the new National Policy on Solid Wastes has prompted discussion on the future of electronic waste (e-waste). Over the last 10 years, different e-waste collection systems and recycling processes have been applied globally. This paper presents the systems used in different countries and compares the world situation to the current Brazilian reality. To establish a recycling process, it is necessary to organize efficient collection management. The main difficulty associated with the implementation of e-waste recycling processes in Brazil is the collection system, as its efficiency depends not only on the education and cooperation of the people but also on cooperation among industrial waste generators, distributors and the government. Over half a million waste pickers have been reported in Brazil and they are responsible for the success of metal scrap collection in the country. The country also has close to 2400 companies and cooperatives involved in recycling and scrap trading. On the other hand, the collection and recycling of e-waste is still incipient because e-wastes are not seen as valuable in the informal sector. The Brazilian challenge is therefore to organize a system of e-waste management including the informal sector without neglecting environmentally sound management principles. 相似文献
49.
We give reasons why demographic parameters such as survival and reproduction rates are often modelled well in stochastic population simulation using beta distributions. In practice, it is frequently expected that these parameters will be correlated, for example with survival rates for all age classes tending to be high or low in the same year. We therefore discuss a method for producing correlated beta random variables by transforming correlated normal random variables, and show how it can be applied in practice by means of a simple example. We also note how the same approach can be used to produce correlated uniform, triangular, and exponential random variables. 相似文献
50.
An evaluation of olive-tree bark for the biological monitoring of airborne trace-elements at ground level 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pacheco AM Barros LI Freitas MC Reis MA Hipólito C Oliveira OR 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2002,120(1):79-86
There is a need to start looking into the possibility of tree bark for biomonitoring. Bark from olive trees (Olea europaea Linn.) has been collected over an area in northwestern Portugal, featuring a blend of rural lands, industrial towns and coastal environments. Samples were analysed through INAA and PIXE for their elemental contents. Results from both techniques were reconciled and then compared with an extensive database on 46 trace elements in Parmelia spp. thalli from the same sites and mostly from the very bark substrates. Distribution-free, nonparametric statistics show that, despite signal magnitude, variation patterns of bark and lichen concentrations follow one another in a most significant way. Selected elements in bark also correlate to a superior extent. As far as this investigation goes, there is no reason whatsoever for discarding bark as an alternative to lower epiphytes. 相似文献