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921.
Sánchez Jiménez A van Tongeren M Galea KS Steinsvåg K MacCalman L Cherrie JW 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(6):1841-1846
The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the TSI Aerodynamic Particle Sizer (APS) and the TSI portable photometer SidePak to measure airborne oil mist particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameters below 10 μm, 2.5 μm and 1 μm (PM(10), PM(2.5) and PM(1)). Three SidePaks each fitted with either a PM(10), PM(2.5) or a PM(1) impactor and an APS were run side by side in a controlled chamber. Oil mist from two different mineral oils and two different drilling fluid systems commonly used in offshore drilling technologies were generated using a nebulizer. Compared to the APS, the SidePaks overestimated the concentration of PM(10) and PM(2.5) by one order of magnitude and PM(1) concentrations by two orders of magnitude after exposure to oil mist for 3.3-6.5 min at concentrations ranging from 0.003 to 18.1 mg m(-3) for PM(10), 0.002 to 3.96 mg m(-3) for PM(2.5) and 0.001 to 0.418 mg m(-3) for PM(1) (as measured by the APS). In a second experiment a SidePak monitor previously exposed to oil mist overestimated PM(10) concentrations by 27% compared to measurements from another SidePak never exposed to oil mist. This could be a result of condensation of oil mist droplets in the optical system of the SidePak. The SidePak is a very useful instrument for personal monitoring in occupational hygiene due to its light weight and quiet pump. However, it may not be suitable for the measurement of particle concentrations from oil mist. 相似文献
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Furlan Lorenzo Pozzebon Alberto Duso Carlo Simon-Delso Noa Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Marchand Patrice A. Codato Filippo Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11798-11820
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over-reliance on pesticides for pest control is inflicting serious damage to the environmental services that underpin agricultural productivity. The... 相似文献
923.
Bonmatin Jean-Marc Giorio Chiara Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11709-11715
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 相似文献
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Marlies J Kampschreur Cristian Picioreanu Nico Tan Robbert Kleerebezem Mike S M Jetten Mark C M van Loosdrecht 《Water environment research》2007,79(13):2499-2509
Nitric oxide production was measured during nitrification in a laboratory-scale bioreactor, operated at conditions relevant to municipal nitrifying wastewater treatment plants. This study aims to determine which type of microorganism and which metabolic pathway is responsible for nitric oxide emission during nitrification. Simulation studies were used to identify which pathway is the main source of nitric oxide emission, based on the following three hypothetical pathways for nitric oxide emission: (a) nitrification, (b) denitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria with ammonium as electron donor, and (c) heterotrophic denitrification. The results of the study suggest that, in a nitrifying reactor treating wastewater containing solely ammonium and nutrients, denitrification by ammonia-oxidizing bacteria is the main nitric-oxide-producing pathway. During the experiments, 0.025% of the treated ammonium is emitted as nitric oxide, independent of the aeration rate imposed. Nitrite presence and oxygen limitation were found to increase the nitric oxide emission. 相似文献
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We investigated the fledging probability of oystercatcher, Haematopus ostralegus, chicks as a function of hatching order, brood size, territory quality and food availability. Sibling dominance was related
to the hatching order in both low- (’leapfrogs’) and high-quality (’residents’) territories. Differences in hatchling mass
might have aided the establishment of a dominance hierarchy, since breeders produced small late eggs and hatchlings. These
mass differences were most pronounced in leapfrogs, and in large broods in years with lower food availability (’poor’ years).
Late hatchlings fledged less often and with lower body masses compared to early hatchlings in all situations. Leapfrogs produced
smaller broods and hatched their broods more asynchronously in poor years than leapfrogs breeding in years with more available
food (’good’ years) and residents breeding in both poor and good years. Large brood sizes resulted in lower survival of hatchlings
in poor years. These results favour the ’brood reduction’ hypothesis. However, contrary to the expectations of this hypothesis,
hatching order also affected fledging success in residents. Moreover, large brood size resulted in higher survival of hatchlings
in good years, particularly in residents. Thus, although large broods experienced losses due to sibling competition in some
years, they nevertheless consistently produced more fledglings per brood in all years, both as leapfrogs and residents. We
believe this effect is due to parental quality correlating with initial brood size. Most leapfrogs, at best, fledged one chick
successfully each year, losing chicks due to starvation. Nevertheless, leapfrog broods were reduced in size after hatching
significantly less quickly than resident broods. These results suggest that breeders lay and hatch insurance eggs to compensate
for unpredictable losses due to the high predation rates on both nests (ca 50%) and chicks (ca 90%), in accordance with the
’nest failure’ hypothesis.
Received: 14 February 2000 / Revised: 27 September 2000 / Accepted: 10 June 2000 相似文献