全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1788篇 |
免费 | 17篇 |
国内免费 | 23篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 46篇 |
废物处理 | 62篇 |
环保管理 | 244篇 |
综合类 | 402篇 |
基础理论 | 346篇 |
环境理论 | 1篇 |
污染及防治 | 509篇 |
评价与监测 | 95篇 |
社会与环境 | 109篇 |
灾害及防治 | 14篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 18篇 |
2022年 | 17篇 |
2021年 | 29篇 |
2020年 | 21篇 |
2019年 | 25篇 |
2018年 | 47篇 |
2017年 | 50篇 |
2016年 | 60篇 |
2015年 | 72篇 |
2014年 | 76篇 |
2013年 | 84篇 |
2012年 | 80篇 |
2011年 | 115篇 |
2010年 | 97篇 |
2009年 | 99篇 |
2008年 | 90篇 |
2007年 | 98篇 |
2006年 | 80篇 |
2005年 | 54篇 |
2004年 | 80篇 |
2003年 | 44篇 |
2002年 | 62篇 |
2001年 | 67篇 |
2000年 | 30篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 20篇 |
1995年 | 31篇 |
1994年 | 19篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 14篇 |
1991年 | 24篇 |
1990年 | 11篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 7篇 |
1987年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 10篇 |
1981年 | 10篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1970年 | 6篇 |
1969年 | 4篇 |
1966年 | 3篇 |
1965年 | 4篇 |
1962年 | 3篇 |
1960年 | 4篇 |
1959年 | 3篇 |
1954年 | 3篇 |
排序方式: 共有1828条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
101.
de Nazelle A Nieuwenhuijsen MJ Antó JM Brauer M Briggs D Braun-Fahrlander C Cavill N Cooper AR Desqueyroux H Fruin S Hoek G Panis LI Janssen N Jerrett M Joffe M Andersen ZJ van Kempen E Kingham S Kubesch N Leyden KM Marshall JD Matamala J Mellios G Mendez M Nassif H Ogilvie D Peiró R Pérez K Rabl A Ragettli M Rodríguez D Rojas D Ruiz P Sallis JF Terwoert J Toussaint JF Tuomisto J Zuurbier M Lebret E 《Environment international》2011,37(4):766-777
102.
Li LZ Zhou DM Peijnenburg WJ van Gestel CA Jin SY Wang YJ Wang P 《Environment international》2011,37(6):1098-1104
The extensive use of nanoparticles (NPs) in a variety of applications has raised great concerns about their environmental fate and biological effects. This study examined the impact of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and salts on ZnO NP dispersion/solubility and toxicity to the earthworm Eisenia fetida. To be able to better evaluate the toxicity of NPs, exposure in agar and on filter paper was proposed for enabling a comparison of the importance of different uptake routes. A dose-related increase in mortality was observed in earthworms exposed in agar with almost 100% mortality after 96 h exposure to the highest concentration (1000 mg ZnO/kg agar). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the addition of salts enhanced the aggregation of ZnO NPs in agar and consequently affected the dissolution behavior and biological availability of the particles. On filter paper, mortality was the highest at the lowest exposure concentration (50 mg ZnO/L) and seemed to decrease with increasing exposure levels. TEM images of ZnO showed that the solubility and morphology of NPs were changed dramatically upon the addition of humic acids (HA). The subcellular distribution pattern of Zn in earthworms after 96 h exposure in agar and on filter paper showed that the Zn taken up via dietary ZnO particles (from agar) was mainly found in organelles and the cytosol while the Zn accumulated as soluble Zn from filter paper was mainly distributed in cell membranes and tissues. Antioxidant enzymatic activities (SOD, CAT, and GSH-px) were investigated in the worms surviving the toxicity tests. A slight increase of SOD activities was observed at the lowest exposure dose of ZnO (50mg/kg), followed by a decrease at 100mg/kg in the agar cubes. Activities of both CAT and GSH-Px enzymes were not significantly influenced in the worms exposed to agar, although a slight decrease at 500 and 1000 mg ZnO/kg agar was observed. A similar change trend of SOD activities was observed for the earthworms on filter paper, but a significant decrease began at a higher ZnO NP concentration of 500 mg ZnO/L. The use of soil extracts instead of deionized water (DW) to simulate a realistic exposure system significantly reduced the toxicity of the ZnO NPs on filter paper, which increases the predictive power of filter paper toxicity tests for the environmental risk assessment of NPs. 相似文献
103.
P. Valkering R. van der Brugge A. Offermans N. Rijkens-Klomp 《Regional Environmental Change》2011,11(2):229-241
Climate adaptation is a complex task surrounded by uncertainty. To support climate adaptation policies, a new scenario approach
is pursued to explore possible discontinuous future developments of societal perspectives on climate adaptation issues. The
scenario approach was tested for a case study on Dutch river management. In a series of scenario development workshops, a
select group of stakeholders explored the perspectives on the management of the River Meuse in the past, present, and future.
The process was supported by an analytical perspectives mapping tool to illustrate and analyze the development of perspectives
over time. The process and analytical tools contributed to insight into the drivers of perspective change for the case study
at hand. Moreover, the stakeholders highlighted the potential of the approach for water management policy for creating awareness
about the plurality of perspectives and the dynamics of perspective change, monitoring perspectives and perspective change
as part of a flexible policy approach, and anticipating on the occurrence of shock events. Further work is required to better
represent the social dynamics of perspectives change, to better empirically ground the perspective change model, and to apply
integrated water models in the scenario development process to assess water–society interactions. 相似文献
104.
Current methods of estimating potential environmental impacts of metals in hazard and Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) do not consider differences in chemistry and landscape properties between geographic sites. Here, we developed and applied a model for regional aquatic impact characterization of metals using an updated method for estimating environmental fate factor (FF), bioavailability factor (BF) and aquatic ecotoxicity factor (EF). We applied the model to analyze differences in Comparative Toxicity Potentials (CTPs) of Cu, Ni and Zn for 24 Canadian ecoregions. The combined impacts of regional variability in ambient chemistry (in particular DOC, pH and hardness) and landscape properties (water residence time) can change the CTPs of these metals for freshwater by up to three orders of magnitude and change the relative ranking of metal hazard between ecoregions. Variation among Canadian freshwater chemistries and landscape characteristics influence the FFs within two orders of magnitude, BFs within two orders of magnitude for Ni and Zn and four orders of magnitude for Cu, and EFs within one order of magnitude. Sensitivity of metal FFs to environmental parameters alone spans three orders of magnitude when a constant water chemistry was used for all ecoregions. These results indicate that application of regionalised metal CTPs can have a significant influence in the analysis of ecotoxicological impacts in the life cycle assessment of products and processes. 相似文献
105.
106.
van der Ploeg MJ Baveco JM van der Hout A Bakker R Rietjens IM van den Brink NW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):198-203
Effects of C60 nanoparticles (nominal concentrations 0, 15.4 and 154 mg/kg soil) on mortality, growth and reproduction of Lumbricus rubellus earthworms were assessed. C60 exposure had a significant effect on cocoon production, juvenile growth rate and mortality. These endpoints were used to model effects on the population level. This demonstrated reduced population growth rate with increasing C60 concentrations. Furthermore, a shift in stage structure was shown for C60 exposed populations, i.e. a larger proportion of juveniles. This result implies that the lower juvenile growth rate due to exposure to C60 resulted in a larger proportion of juveniles, despite increased mortality among juveniles. Overall, this study indicates that C60 exposure may seriously affect earthworm populations. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that juveniles were more sensitive to C60 exposure than adults. 相似文献
107.
Armitage HF Britton AJ Woodin SJ van der Wal R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(1):140-147
The potential of alpine moss-sedge heath to recover from elevated nitrogen (N) deposition was assessed by transplanting Racomitrium lanuginosum shoots and vegetation turfs between 10 elevated N deposition sites (8.2-32.9 kg ha−1 yr−1) and a low N deposition site, Ben Wyvis (7.2 kg ha−1 yr−1). After two years, tissue N of Racomitrium shoots transplanted from higher N sites to Ben Wyvis only partially equilibrated to reduced N deposition whereas reciprocal transplants almost matched the tissue N of indigenous moss. Unexpectedly, moss shoot growth was stimulated at higher N deposition sites. However, moss depth and biomass increased in turfs transplanted to Ben Wyvis, apparently due to slower shoot turnover (suggested to result partly from decreased tissue C:N slowing decomposition), whilst abundance of vascular species declined. Racomitrium heath has the potential to recover from the impacts of N deposition; however, this is constrained by the persistence of enhanced moss tissue N contents. 相似文献
108.
Pujol Pereira EI Chung H Scow K Sadowsky MJ van Kessel C Six J 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(2):401-407
We investigated the influence of elevated CO2 and O3 on soil N cycling within the soybean growing season and across soil environments (i.e., rhizosphere and bulk soil) at the Soybean Free Air Concentration Enrichment (SoyFACE) experiment in Illinois, USA. Elevated O3 decreased soil mineral N likely through a reduction in plant material input and increased denitrification, which was evidenced by the greater abundance of the denitrifier gene nosZ. Elevated CO2 did not alter the parameters evaluated and both elevated CO2 and O3 showed no interactive effects on nitrifier and denitrifier abundance, nor on total and mineral N concentrations. These results indicate that elevated CO2 may have limited effects on N transformations in soybean agroecosystems. However, elevated O3 can lead to a decrease in soil N availability in both bulk and rhizosphere soils, and this likely also affects ecosystem productivity by reducing the mineralization rates of plant-derived residues. 相似文献
109.
Fall C Espinosa-Rodriguez MA Flores-Alamo N van Loosdrecht MC Hooijmans CM 《Water environment research》2011,83(11):2036-2048
Activated sludge modeling technology is maturing; however, currently, there exists a great need to increase its use in daily engineering practice worldwide. A good way for building the capacities of the practitioners is to promote good modeling practices and standardize the protocols. In this study, a systematic procedure was proposed to calibrate the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) at a large wastewater treatment plant, by which the model adequately predicted the quality of the effluent and the sludge quantities. A hydraulics model was set up and validated through a tracer test. The Vesilind settling constants were measured and combined with the default value of the flocculent zone settling parameter, to calibrate the clarifiers. A virtual anoxic tank was installed in the return activated sludge to mimic the denitrification occurring in the settlers. In ASM1, the calibrated parameters were only two influent chemical oxygen demand fractions and one kinetic constant (oxygen half-saturation coefficient). 相似文献
110.