油田化学剂毒性评价方法探讨

油田化学剂的使用贯穿油气勘探和开发的全过程,但目前其对环境产生的影响甚至毒性作用却不甚明晰。为了探究油田化学剂对环境产生的毒性影响,文章参考了大量国内外的生态毒性的评价方法标准,包括以土壤为载体的化学品毒性评价方法、以水为载体的化学品毒性评价方法和以高等动物为载体的化学品毒性评价方法。此外,根据油田化学剂本身的独特性质及对其进行毒性评价的限制因素,通过对比与借鉴,得出在众多毒性评价方法中微生物法是最具潜力的油田化学剂毒性评价方法,并提出几点针对油田化学剂的生态毒性评价的思考,为今后油田化学剂在环境中的毒性评价方法和体系的完善提供参考。     

NiCoP/NiOOH nanoflowers loaded on ultrahigh porosity Co foam for hydrogen evolution reaction under large current density

Developing user-friendly electrodes for efficiently producing hydrogen from water to substitute non-renewable fossil fuels is one of the challenges in the hydrogen energy field.For the first time,we have prepared self-supporting ultrahigh porosity cobalt foam loaded with NiCoP/NiOOH nanoflowers (NiCoP/CF) via freeze-drying and phosphorization.The as-prepared hierarchical NiCoP/CF electrodes showed superior catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media.The one resulte...     

Na-MnOx catalyzed aerobic oxidative cleavage of biomass-derived 1,2-diols to synthesis medium-chain furanic chemicals

Medium-chain furanic chemicals have outstanding practical potential,especially in the application of pharmaceuticals and polymers.Herein,we describe an eco-friendly and efficient heterogeneous sodium-doped porous sodium manganese oxide catalyst(Na-MnO_x) for oxidative cleavage of furanic 1,2-diols into medium-chain furanic aldehyde compounds.Subsequently,various high value-added chemicals(diacids and esters,diols,hydroxy acids,acrylics) were synthesized based on the widely applicable a...     

Scaled-up synthesis of defect-rich layered double hydroxide monolayers without organic species for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

The scaled-up synthesis of organic-free monolayer nanomaterials is highly desirable,especially in obtaining green energy by electrocatalysis.In this study,a method for the scaled-up synthesis of the series of monolayer layered double hydroxides(LDHs) without the addition of organic solvents is reported via the separate nucleation and aging steps process.The resulting monolayer LDHs with the thicknesses of less than 1 nm showed a narrow thickness distribution.X-ray absorption fine-structure revea...     

安全评估在消防监督检查中的意义分析

高层建筑工程项目正在逐渐增加,为了保障城市以及广大人民群众的安全,就需要加强消防安全管理工作,高度重视消防安全监督工作。目前,消防安全监督检查已经受到了社会各界人士的广泛关注。在消防监督检查过程中,安全评估具有重大的价值和意义。安全评估是消防领域的一种新兴行业,通过合理、科学地使用安全评估能够有效强化消防部署,同时,安全评估也是制定各种消防法律法规的重要依据,能够在很大程度上规避安全隐患问题。文章主要对安全评估在消防监督检查中的作用进行研究,以供相关专业人士参考。     

地下建筑火灾中的烟气流动分析与对策

文章通过对地下建筑火灾中烟气的产生、流动特性及烟气对人员安全疏散的影响进行分析,提出几种解决地下建筑火灾中烟气流动所带来问题的方法,使之向灭火、疏散、救援等有利的方向发展。     

基于实战化教学的应急管理教育机制研究

实战化教学是在模拟实战的环境和条件下按实战要求进行的教学,涵盖现代教育基本属性与应急工作的现实要求,体现了专业院校人才培养的时代特色。为了科学开展实战化教学,培养社会需要的应急专业人才,专业院校需要通过强化实战化意识,系统规划各个教学环节,进而为应急管理人才培养工作奠定坚实的基础。     

转隶后消防救援机构火灾调查面临的问题及对策分析

2018年消防部队成建制划归应急管理部,改制后消防队伍的身份和职能均发生了重大变化,火灾调查工作随之也出现了许多新情况新问题。就转隶后消防救援机构火灾调查工作所面临的法律法规不完善、高级人才流失严重、部门间协作不顺畅等新问题进行深入探讨,并提出相应的对策和建议,为相关职能部门提供理论指导和参考。     

CO2 capture and conversion to value-added products promoted by MXene-based materials

Carbon dioxide(CO₂ ) capture and conversion is the key route for the mitigation of the greenhouse effect and utilization of carbon sources to obtain value-added products or fuels. Much attention is paid to the development of novel materials with high CO₂ adsorption capacity and conversion rate. MXene is the graphene-like two-dimensional metal carbide/nitride/carbonitride owning favorable structure, morphology, high surface-bulk ratio, and physicochemical properties. Here, w...     

Cyclic oligourea synthesized from CO2: Purification,characterization and properties

Carbon dioxide(CO₂) as a sustainable resource instead of toxic reagents has attracted considerable attention in synthesis of chemicals and polymeric materials. Herein, a kind of cyclic oligourea was synthesized via polycondensation of CO₂ with 4,7,10-trioxa-1,13-tridecanediamine(TTD) followed by effective separation and purification processes. We developed an efficient separation strategy in which the linear oligourea molecules were selectively transformed to macromolecular...