Reduction and avoidance of lubricant mist demands an integrated assessment approach

A case study to identify major factors for lubricant mist exposure covered 15 metal machining sites. The investigation included milling, turning, drilling and grinding applications. Systematic analysis considered all relevant data concerning the machine tool, the lubricant and the suction plant. The efficiency of the implemented maintenance program at the installed filter systems was checked by concentration measurements immediately before and after service. All performed measurements of lubricant aerosol and vapor loads upstream and downstream of the installed filter systems were carried out according to VDI 2066 and BIA 3110, respectively. The selection criteria for the sites to be investigated, the systematic nature of the data acquisition and the procedure of the analysis are demonstrated in detail by performing comparisons between selected applications using emulsions and those employing straight oil for lubrication. The results of the study identify recirculation of ventilated air as the major source of workplace exposure to airborne lubricant emissions. More than 60% of the demisters investigated emit air at total lubricant loads (aerosols and vapor) above the limit of 20 mg m-3 at any time of operation; which also means immediately after service. A common reason for exceeded aerosol loads in recirculated air is e.g. the fact that the type of filter system applied is often not suitable for the separation problem. Loads of lubricant vapor are usually higher at the processes which use water emulsions as lubricant. In a quarter of the cases the limits were exceeded solely due to high vapor loads even immediately after service. The exposure can be reduced by replacing the lubricant, installation of a vapor separation plant or avoiding air recirculation. Maintenance time of the demisting system and aerosol separation efficiency of state-of-the-art demisting systems can be expanded by implementation of enhanced preliminary filter stages. This study confirms that appropriate service measures lower both aerosol emissions and lubricant vapor concentrations due to the reduction of exposed oil-wetted surfaces. The performed measurements show no significant relationship between loads of airborne lubricants and the type of machining process. Therefore, investigations at a much more detailed level have to be performed. However, the individual assessment of any workplace due to the complex situation remains essential.     

8-氨基喹啉-5-偶氮-对苯酚荧光光度法测定微量铬(Ⅵ)

在盐酸介质中,铬(Ⅵ)与AQAPOH形成可被氯仿萃取的荧光化合物,其λex/λem=295nm/400nm.线性范围为0-1.0μg Cr(Ⅵ)/25ml(水相),检测限为0.7μg/L.除Mn(Ⅶ)外,常见金属离子无干扰,可在数千倍Cr(Ⅲ)存在下测定废水中微量铬(Ⅵ).初步探讨了荧光反应的机理.     

江苏省环境监测系统进行监测分析质量大检查

由江苏省环保局、省监测站具体领导、并由省和各市监测站质量管理人员组成的“江苏省环境监测质量管理组”,于今年9月1日至13日分南北两片对全省十一个省辖市监测站实验室的监测分析质量进行了全面检查。     

湖北省召开大气环境监测网站工作会议

会议对全省网络建设基本情况、网站设置内容落实情况、监测质量保证及网站建设中存在的问题等作了全面总结,讨论和修订了《湖北省大气环境例行监测技术规定》.省中心站还表扬了多年来不间断监测、上报数据齐全、报表清晰和规矩的网站,同时对今后网站工作提出了要求.     

水处理中光催化反应器的研究进展

TiQ2光催化技术能有效降解水中有机污染物并使之彻底矿化，并且具有很好的杀菌和抑制病毒活性的作用，是一种极具应用前景的水处理技术．而实用高效的光催化反应器是光催化技术工业化应用需要解决的关键技术之一．本文就目前国内外光催化反应器的研究现状做了总结和评述，并指出了目前存在的问题和今后主要的研究方向．     

加强区域环境合作 携手共治跨界水污染

分析跨界河流污染原因，简介赣榆县在跨界水污染防治方面的成功做法，提出对策．     

The effect of filter material on bioaerosol collection of Bacillus subtilis spores used as a Bacillus anthracis simulant

The objective of this study was to determine filter materials and extraction methods that are appropriate to use for environmental sampling of B. anthracis. Four types of filters were tested: mixed cellulose ester (MCE) with a pore size of 3 microm, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with pore sizes of 1 and 3 microm, and gelatin with a pore size of 3 microm. Bacillus subtilis var. niger endospores (also known as Bacillus globigii[BG]) were used as a surrogate for B. anthracis. Endospores were collected into Button Inhalable Aerosol Samplers with sampling times of 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours. Physical collection efficiency was determined by measuring upstream and downstream B. subtilis concentrations with an optical particle counter. Vortexing with ultrasonic agitation and vortexing with shaker agitation extraction methods were evaluated. The MCE, 1 microm PTFE, and gelatin filters provided physical collection efficiencies of 94% or greater. The 3 microm PTFE filter showed inconsistent physical efficiency characteristics between filters. Epifluorescence microscopic analysis of the gelatin filter extraction fluid revealed the presence of contamination by non-culturable bacteria. Mean differences for microbial culturability were not statistically significant for filter materials and extraction methods. However, the vortexing with shaker agitation extraction method resulted in higher total microbial counts in the extraction fluids for MCE and 1 microm PTFE filters when compared to vortexing with ultrasonic agitation. In summary, the MCE and 1 microm PTFE filters in combination with vortexing and shaker extraction demonstrated the best performance for the filter collection and extraction of BG spores.     

噪声监测中的布点问题与对策

GB12349-90《工业企业厂界噪声测量方法》(以下简称《方法》)和GB12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》(以下简称《标准》)是1990年颁布实施的,《方法》和《标准》在噪声监测中的使用率最高,但也常常遇到现行《方法》难以解决的问题,甚至影响《方法》执行的严肃性。因此,应该对执行了10多年的《方法》或《标准》给予补充和完善。1　问题1.1　测点定于界外1m处噪声测量最关键、最核心的问题之一是选择合适的测量点,现行《方法》中用测点位置在界外1m处测得的等效连续A声级作为评判量的科学依据不足。甲、乙单位厂界噪声监测点见图1。 ——…     

沸石在净水过程中的应用研究

试验采用活化沸石去除水中大肠杆菌、苯酚、氯仿和阴离子表面活性剂．结果表明：沸石去除大肠杆菌效果显著，去除率高达99.9％，滤速对去除效果有一定影响．同时，对是否采用活化剂进行预处理及活化剂种类对沸石吸附容量影响做了进一步研究。     

Bi-national assessment of the Great Lakes: SOLEC partnerships

Many administrative jurisdictions have authority over parts of the Great Lakes, sometimes with competing purposes as well as governance at differing scales of time and space. As demand increases for high quality information that is relevant to environmental managers, environmental and natural resource agencies with limited budgets must look to interdisciplinary, collaborative approaches for the collection, analysis and reporting of data. The State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conferences (SOLEC) were begun in 1994 in response to reporting requirements of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the U.S. The biennial conferences provide independent, science-based reporting on the state of health of the Great Lakes ecosystem components. A suite of indicators necessary and sufficient to assess Great Lakes ecosystem status was introduced in 1998, and assessments based on a subset of the indicators were presented in 2000. Because SOLEC is a multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional reporting venue, the SOLEC indicators require acceptance by a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the Great Lakes basin. The SOLEC indicators list is expected to provide the basis for government agencies and other organizations to collaborate more effectively and to allocate resources to data collection, evaluation and reporting on the state of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem.