全球森林认证发展迅速

全球森林认证发展趋势自1998年以来,认证面积一直处于快速增长期。随着森林认证在全球的影响日益增加,今后将会有更多的森林经营单位寻求认证,以实现其森林可持续经营或占领市场的目标。森林认证将继续保持发展的势头,认证面积将快速增加。联合国欧洲经济委员会和粮农组织(FAO)的研究表明,对认证林产品的需求主要由以下市场因素推动:竞争优势和向消费者提供选择。在欧美市场上,认证林产品的竞争优势不断增强,很多销售商承诺将逐渐增加经过认证的林产品的销售数量,并最终将全部销售经过认证的林产品。同时,这些地区的消费者也已经强烈地意…     

2014—2020年河南省PM2.5-O3复合污染特征及气象成因分析

为了解河南省PM_2.5-O₃复合污染特征及气象成因,本文基于2014—2020年河南省18个地级市的空气质量国控点数据及常规地面气象观测数据,对河南省PM_2.5-O₃的复合污染时空特征及关键气象因子影响进行分析.结果表明：(1)在空间分布上,PM_2.5-O₃复合污染天数呈由河南省中北部向周围逐渐减少的特点,而O₃单污染和PM_2.5单污染高发区均主要集中于豫北地区.(2)在时间特征上,2014—2020年PM_2.5-O₃复合污染天数呈先增加后减少的特征,最多为12 d (2014年),2016—2017年未出现复合污染;PM_2.5单污染和O₃单污染天数均呈“M”型变化趋势,PM_2.5单污染天数的2个峰值分别出现在2015年和2019年,分别为174和93 d,O₃单污染天数的2个峰值分...     

粤港澳大湾区植被CUE变化及与气候变化的关系

基于MOD17数据,采用趋势分析和相关分析法,研究了2000~2019年粤港澳大湾区植被生产力和植被碳利用率（CUE）变化及其与气候变化的关系.结果表明,粤港澳大湾区总初级生产力（GPP）和净初级生产力（NPP）均值分别为1.80和0.89kg·C/m²,呈中部低四周高的空间格局,CUE均值为0.51,呈中部和东南部略高于四周的空间格局;GPP和NPP总体呈增加趋势,其年际变化率均值分别为0.01和0.001kg·C/（m²·a）,GPP年增长率远高于NPP年增长率,不同植被类型GPP和NPP也呈增加趋势.植被CUE则呈逐年下降趋势,其年际变化率均值为-0.002a^-1,由于气候因子变化对光合作用速率和呼吸作用速率产生的不同程度影响,从未来发展趋势看,68.22%的区域表明CUE仍呈下降趋势,植被碳固定能力减弱;不同植被类型CUE存在差异,其中农田CUE平均值最高,为（0.511±0.014）,森林和草地CUE分别为（0.500±0.019）和（0.501±0.020）,从变化趋势看,不同植被类型CUE呈极显著下降趋势（P < 0.01）;GPP与气温、累积降雨和累积净太阳辐射量总体呈正相关关系,其所占比例分别为94.52%、53.36%和90.58%,NPP与气温、累积降雨和累积净太阳辐射量总体上也表现为正相关关系,其所占比例分别为86.86%、71.10%和85.97%.然而,CUE与气候因子的关系却有所不同.CUE与气温和累积降雨呈正相关关系,但与累积太阳辐射呈负相关关系,不同植被类型GPP、NPP和CUE与气温、累积降雨量呈正相关关系,GPP和NPP与累计净太阳辐射呈正相关关系,但CUE与累积太阳辐射却呈负相关关系.     

高原内陆河流域气候水文突变与生态演变规律——以内蒙古锡林河和巴拉格尔河流域为例

以内蒙古锡林河和巴拉格尔河流域为研究对象,利用数理统计、Mann-Kendall突变检验、气候倾向法、克里金空间插值等方法,综合遥感信息解译,辨析近55a不同高原内陆河流域气温-降水-径流突变与生态演变规律,结果表明：锡林河流域干旱程度较巴拉格尔河流域剧烈,气温总体偏高,降水量、径流深偏枯,降水、径流天数偏少,且径流系数偏低;锡林河流域气温增温趋势较显著,气温突变较早,两地增温速率均大于0.2℃/10a;在年尺度,两地径流系数、降水量、径流量的突变时间、顺序、驱动因素和突变前后变化量存在较大差异;在季节尺度,两地降水空间分布差异较大;两地NDVI最大值与冬季降水分布特征趋同,均分布于上游河谷区.     

河南省近地表O3污染特征及其与气象因素之间的关系

Meteorological factors have an important influence on ozone (O₃) concentration. In order to explore the characteristics and causes of near-surface O₃ pollution in Henan Province, based on the datasets of ambient air quality monitoring stations and national basic ground climate stations in Henan Province from 2014 to 2020, this study examined the spatiotemporal characteristics of O₃ pollution in Henan Province and the relationship between O₃ and precursors and meteorological factors, and the potential sources of O₃ in Henan Province were also explored. The results showed that: (1) In terms of temporal characteristics, the annual average O₃ concentration of the maximum daily 8 h average (O₃-8 h) in Henan Province generally decreased from 2014 to 2020, showing an ‘M’ type temporal evolution. For seasonality of O₃-8 h concentration, it was highest in summer and decreased sequentially in spring, autumn, and winter, while both O₃-8 h concentration and the number of days exceeding the standard peaked in June. In terms of spatial characteristics, the O₃ concentration was generally lower in northern than in southern China, and lower in western than in eastern China. The areas with high concentrations were concentrated in southern Henan Province. (2) The O₃-8 h concentration was significantly negatively correlated with the precursor NO₂ and CO concentrations. (3) From the perspective of meteorological factors, O₃-8 h concentration was positively correlated with air temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity, indicating that high temperature (≥26 ℃) and low humidity (≤40%) were favorable for the increasing of O₃-8 h concentration. Affected by the prevailing northerly winds in autumn and winter, the O₃-8 h concentration in Henan Province showed a spatial pattern of low values in the north and high values in the south in autumn and winter, and the prevailing southerly wind in summer was conducive to the formation and maintenance of O₃ in Henan Province. (4) In the summer of 2019, the main source areas of O₃ and precursors increased gradually and changed from both inside and outside the province to mainly outside the province. Affected by the boundary cities and topographic conditions, O₃ in Henan Province accumulated locally in summer. The study shows that the near-surface O₃ pollution in Henan Province has significant spatial and temporal distribution characteristics, the pollution degree is generally reduced. The precursors of O₃ and meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, wind) have significant effects on O₃, and O₃ transport paths and potential sources change with time in summer.      

外环境因素对住宅项目环评的影响研究

房地产住宅区作为建设项目须经过环境影响评价,但是现有房地产住宅区的环评往往更侧重于小区施工及运营期对外部环境的影响,却忽略了外部环境对小区的影响。通过对引起住宅项目污染的外环境因素进行分析探讨,提出了在环评工作中有针对性的可行性解决方案建议。     

安全生产行政执法自由裁量权的应用

安全监察执法自由裁量权是安全生产执法机构行政权力的重要组成部分．也是安监部门行政权力中最显著、最独特的一部分．它是安全监察执法主体提高行政效率必需的权力,可以使执法主体审时度势、灵活机动地处理安全监察执法关系。