水处理中光催化反应器的研究进展

TiQ2光催化技术能有效降解水中有机污染物并使之彻底矿化，并且具有很好的杀菌和抑制病毒活性的作用，是一种极具应用前景的水处理技术．而实用高效的光催化反应器是光催化技术工业化应用需要解决的关键技术之一．本文就目前国内外光催化反应器的研究现状做了总结和评述，并指出了目前存在的问题和今后主要的研究方向．     

加强区域环境合作 携手共治跨界水污染

分析跨界河流污染原因，简介赣榆县在跨界水污染防治方面的成功做法，提出对策．     

The effect of filter material on bioaerosol collection of Bacillus subtilis spores used as a Bacillus anthracis simulant

The objective of this study was to determine filter materials and extraction methods that are appropriate to use for environmental sampling of B. anthracis. Four types of filters were tested: mixed cellulose ester (MCE) with a pore size of 3 microm, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) with pore sizes of 1 and 3 microm, and gelatin with a pore size of 3 microm. Bacillus subtilis var. niger endospores (also known as Bacillus globigii[BG]) were used as a surrogate for B. anthracis. Endospores were collected into Button Inhalable Aerosol Samplers with sampling times of 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 4 hours. Physical collection efficiency was determined by measuring upstream and downstream B. subtilis concentrations with an optical particle counter. Vortexing with ultrasonic agitation and vortexing with shaker agitation extraction methods were evaluated. The MCE, 1 microm PTFE, and gelatin filters provided physical collection efficiencies of 94% or greater. The 3 microm PTFE filter showed inconsistent physical efficiency characteristics between filters. Epifluorescence microscopic analysis of the gelatin filter extraction fluid revealed the presence of contamination by non-culturable bacteria. Mean differences for microbial culturability were not statistically significant for filter materials and extraction methods. However, the vortexing with shaker agitation extraction method resulted in higher total microbial counts in the extraction fluids for MCE and 1 microm PTFE filters when compared to vortexing with ultrasonic agitation. In summary, the MCE and 1 microm PTFE filters in combination with vortexing and shaker extraction demonstrated the best performance for the filter collection and extraction of BG spores.     

噪声监测中的布点问题与对策

GB12349-90《工业企业厂界噪声测量方法》(以下简称《方法》)和GB12348-90《工业企业厂界噪声标准》(以下简称《标准》)是1990年颁布实施的,《方法》和《标准》在噪声监测中的使用率最高,但也常常遇到现行《方法》难以解决的问题,甚至影响《方法》执行的严肃性。因此,应该对执行了10多年的《方法》或《标准》给予补充和完善。1　问题1.1　测点定于界外1m处噪声测量最关键、最核心的问题之一是选择合适的测量点,现行《方法》中用测点位置在界外1m处测得的等效连续A声级作为评判量的科学依据不足。甲、乙单位厂界噪声监测点见图1。 ——…     

沸石在净水过程中的应用研究

试验采用活化沸石去除水中大肠杆菌、苯酚、氯仿和阴离子表面活性剂．结果表明：沸石去除大肠杆菌效果显著，去除率高达99.9％，滤速对去除效果有一定影响．同时，对是否采用活化剂进行预处理及活化剂种类对沸石吸附容量影响做了进一步研究。     

Bi-national assessment of the Great Lakes: SOLEC partnerships

Many administrative jurisdictions have authority over parts of the Great Lakes, sometimes with competing purposes as well as governance at differing scales of time and space. As demand increases for high quality information that is relevant to environmental managers, environmental and natural resource agencies with limited budgets must look to interdisciplinary, collaborative approaches for the collection, analysis and reporting of data. The State of the Lakes Ecosystem Conferences (SOLEC) were begun in 1994 in response to reporting requirements of the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement between Canada and the U.S. The biennial conferences provide independent, science-based reporting on the state of health of the Great Lakes ecosystem components. A suite of indicators necessary and sufficient to assess Great Lakes ecosystem status was introduced in 1998, and assessments based on a subset of the indicators were presented in 2000. Because SOLEC is a multi-agency, multi-jurisdictional reporting venue, the SOLEC indicators require acceptance by a broad spectrum of stakeholders in the Great Lakes basin. The SOLEC indicators list is expected to provide the basis for government agencies and other organizations to collaborate more effectively and to allocate resources to data collection, evaluation and reporting on the state of the Great Lakes basin ecosystem.     

Assessment of uncertainty of NO2 measurements by the chemiluminescence method and discussion of the quality objective of the NO2 European Directive

Hereafter, an assessment of the ability of the chemiluminescence method to measure ambient NO2 with an accuracy within 15%, as requested by the data quality objective of European directive 1999/30/CE, is presented. In general, uncertainty is evaluated using the response to reference materials or by means of inter-comparisons used to determine some statistics like repeatability, reproducibility and calibration bias. These are incomplete approaches and the method of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, advised by the Directive, should be preferred. In fact, even if it requires a large data set, it allows the relative influence of all possible sources of uncertainty to be studied. The extent of NO2 uncertainty is mainly dependent on the level of NO. It is decreased by NOx and the correlation between NOx and NO. Furthermore, the uncertainty budget reveals that the contribution of accuracy of calibration standard, linearity, converter efficiency and drift of the analyser between calibration checks to the overall uncertainty is less important than the contribution of interference, mainly humidity and PAN in rural areas. The relative expanded uncertainty of the NO2 hourly average exceeds 30% for NO2 concentrations lower than 40 microg m(-3). Nevertheless, the data quality objective of 15% is reached for 200 microg m(-3), the hourly limit value of the European directive. On the contrary, at the limit value on the annual average, 40 microg m(-3), the data quality objective is not met if NO is higher than 100 microg m(-3). However, the data quality objective could be reached by correcting the measurements with the bias due to interference.     

Seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of River Yamuna in Haryana and its ecological best-designated use

Various physico-chemical characteristics of the River Yamuna flowing in Haryana through Delhi were studied in the summer (April 1998) and winter (Jan.-Feb. 1999). Ecological parameters like dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO4(2-)), and phosphate (PO4(3-)), were analyzed and compared with standard permissible limits to assess the best-designated use of the river water for various purposes. The river in Delhi upstream was of better quality whereas the Delhi downstream stretch was polluted as indicated by very low DO and high total dissolved solids (TDS), electric conductivity (EC), total hardness, Na+, K+, Cl-, F- and SO4(2-). The differences in various parameters were statistically significant (p < 0.01) when compared for the Delhi upstream and downstream stretches of the river, particularly in summer. DO and TDS were found to be two important parameters, which showed strong correlation with several other parameters and hence can serve as good indices of river water quality. The river tended to recover from the pollution stress after flowing through a distance of about 80 km downstream of Delhi.     

Analysis of pollutant levels in central Hong Kong applying neural network method with particle swarm optimization

Air pollution has emerged as an imminent issue in modernsociety. Prediction of pollutant levels is an importantresearch topic in atmospheric environment today. For fulfillingsuch prediction, the use of neural network (NN), and inparticular the multi-layer perceptrons, has presented to be acost-effective technique superior to traditional statisticalmethods. But their training, usually with back-propagation (BP)algorithm or other gradient algorithms, is often with certaindrawbacks, such as: 1) very slow convergence, and 2) easilygetting stuck in a local minimum. In this paper, a newlydeveloped method, particle swarm optimization (PSO) model, isadopted to train perceptrons, to predict pollutant levels, andas a result, a PSO-based neural network approach is presented. The approach is demonstrated to be feasible and effective bypredicting some real air-quality problems.     

绘制氯气校准曲线的方法

甲基橙分光光度法测定氯气[1 ] 的机理是利用氯气氧化溴化钾 ,生成的溴能破坏甲基橙分子结构 ,使在酸性溶液中的甲基橙红色褪去 ,氯气含量越高 ,减色越明显。在用分光光度法测定时 ,吸光值是递减的 ,不同于一般的显色反应。因此 ,在绘制校准曲线时 ,标准系列的吸光值 ,不是通常的Ａ-Ａ0 ,而应采用Ａ0 -Ａ ,由此进行回归方程计算。同理 ,在样品测定时 ,也应以吸收液的吸光值Ａ吸-Ａ所得到的样品吸光值查出相应的含量。绘制氯气校准曲线的方法@丁建刚$泰兴市环境监测站!江苏泰兴225400 @殷红兰$泰兴市环境监测站!江苏泰兴225400 @屈红梅…