镁合金在笔记本电脑外壳材料替代中的环境协调性评价

本文应用生命周期评价,（life cycle assessment,LCA）方法,对镁合金以及塑料这两种笔记本电脑外壳进行了初步评价和比较,结果表明镁舍金能源消耗、温室效应方面为塑料的556．31％、383．30%。但在材料的性能、资源消耗、酸化效应、生态毒理、材料的再生性等方面明显优于塑料。     

测定水中总铬校准曲线制备的简化

高锰酸钾氧化 -二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法测定水中总铬 ,《水和废水监测分析方法》是在酸性溶液中 ,先用高锰酸钾将水样中的三价铬氧化成六价铬 ,再加显色剂 (Ⅰ )进行显色测定。要求制备校准曲线时 ,标准系列也需经氧化处理。今对标准系列作了经氧化处理与不经氧化处理两法对比 ,结果列表 1。对两种校准曲线作统计检验 ,两者之间无显著性差异。表 1　标准系列溶液氧化与不氧化的校准曲线比较Ｃｒ6 ｍ/μｇ 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 50 5 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 30 0γａｂ氧　化 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 40 0 4 1 0 0 790 1 54 0 31 3 0 472 0 9999- …     

用EXCEL编程计算Spearman秩相关系数

国家环保总局在《环境质量报告书编写技术规定》中推荐使用Ｓｐｅａｒｍａｎ秩相关系数法对污染变化趋势进行定量分析。目前 ,ＭｉｃｒｏｓｏｆｔＥｘｃｅｌ电子表格已得到广泛应用 ,但其常用数学函数统计中没有Ｓｐｅａｒｍａｎ秩相关系数法。现采用ＥＸＣＥＬ编程的方法计算Ｓｐｅａｒｍａｎ秩相关系数 ,可以大大提高工作效率及计算结果的准确性。1　计算公式给出时间周期Ｙ1 ……ＹＮ 和它们的相应值Ｘ1……ＸＮ(即年均值Ｃ1 ……ＣＮ) ,从小到大排列 ,统计检验用的秩相关系数按下式计算 :Ｒｓ=1 - 6 Ｎｉ=1ｄｉ2 / [Ｎ3-Ｎ]ｄｉ=Ｘｉ-Ｙ…     

Zinc and cadmium accumulation and tolerance in populations of Sedum alfredii

To investigate the variation of Zn and Cd accumulation and tolerance of Sedum alfredii (a newly reported Zn/Cd hyperaccumulator), field surveys and hydroponic experiments were conducted among three populations of this species: two originating from old Pb/Zn mines in Zhejiang (ZJ) and Hunan (HN) Provinces and one from a "clean" site in Guangdong (GD) Province, China. Under field conditions, up to 12,524 and 12,253 mg kg(-1) Zn, and 1400 and 97 mg kg(-1) Cd in shoots of ZJ and HN plants were recorded respectively. Under hydroponic conditions, ZJ and HN plants accumulated significantly higher Zn and Cd in their leaves and stems, and possessed significantly higher Zn and Cd tolerance than GD plants. Among the two contaminated populations, ZJ plants showed higher Cd tolerance and accumulation (in leaves) than HN plants. The present results indicate that significant differences in Zn and Cd accumulation and tolerance exist in populations of S. alfredii.     

Remediation of soil contaminated with pyrene using ground nanoscale zero-valent iron

The sites contaminated with recalcitrant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are serious environmental problems ubiquitously. Some PAHs have proven to be carcinogenic and hazardous. Therefore, the innovative PAH in situ remediation technologies have to be developed instantaneously. Recently, the nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) particles have been successfully applied for dechlorination of organic pollutants in water, yet little research has investigated for the soil remediation so far. The objective in this work was to take advantage of nanoscale ZVI particles to remove PAHs in soil. The experimental factors such as reaction time, particle diameter and iron dosage and surface area were considered and optimized. From the results, both microscale and nanoscale ZVI were capable to remove the target compound. The higher removal efficiencies of nanoscale ZVI particles were obtained because the specific surface areas were about several dozens larger than that of commercially microscale ZVI particles. The optimal parameters were observed as 0.2 g iron/2 mL water in 60 min and 150 rpm by nanoscale ZVI. Additionally, the results proved that nanoscale ZVI particles are a promising technology for soil remediation and are encouraged in the near future environmental applications. Additionally, the empirical equation developed for pyrene removal efficiency provided the good explanation of reaction behavior. Ultimately, the calculated values by this equation were in a good agreement with the experimental data.     

基于MODIS数据FPI-NDVI火灾监测方法研究

根据火点辐射与背景辐射的差异及MODIS数据火灾监测原理,利用MODIS数据22通道(火点辐射)和31通道(背景辐射)亮温构建了一个火点指数FPI.根据只有当植被覆盖率达到一定程度时才会发生火灾的情况,利用归一化植被指数(NDVI)对其火点提取精度进行了修正,去除了地表不是植被、或植被稀少的不足以引起火灾的区域,有效减少了因裸土或城市热岛引起的误判.就黑龙江2004年10月15日特大森林火灾的情况,提取了几种地物的FPI、NDVI值,分析了FPI、NDVI值与不同地表类型的关系.其中,云是干扰火点FPI值的最大因素,地表植被是干扰燃烧植被的最大因素.并确定了FPI和NDVI的阈值.经过分析,相对于MODIS绝对火点识别算法,其精度及提取速度都有提高.     

HSE体系建设-环保监测工作的改进与提高

石油化工行业是我国国民经济的支柱产业,也是我国工业界的污染大户,环保问题在石化行业中显得非常突出.分析了中国石油化工广州分公司的环保工作中存在的问题,建立了HSE信息管理平台,开发了环保监测系屯     

环保NGO的发展是一种趋势

中国NGO主要有两种:一种是自上而下的NGO,具有"半官方"特色;另一种多由民间人士自发成立。社会注册的环保NGO主要来自四个阶层的力量:青年学生、白领阶层、知识分子和媒体。环保NGO要注重在组织中推行自我控制和反组织性。环保NGO的发展已经是一种趋势,我国的NGO总有一天会站在国际的舞台上。     

金鱼藻与环棱螺对铜绿微囊藻生长及光合活性的抑制作用

沉水植物和螺类是生物防治有害水华的重要手段,然而目前关于这两者对有害蓝藻的协同抑制效率和作用机制尚不清楚.本研究利用沉水植物金鱼藻与铜锈环棱螺在实验室内探究草-螺组合系统对铜绿微囊藻（Microcystis aeruginosa）生长的抑制效果.结果表明,金鱼藻组、环棱螺组及草-螺组合系统均显著降低了体系内蓝藻Chl-a浓度、总Chl-a浓度和铜绿微囊藻密度,与初始相比,蓝藻活体Chl-a浓度分别减少99.24%、100.00%和98.61%,铜绿微囊藻密度分别减少98.64%、86.44%和97.71%.草-螺共培养和金鱼藻单独培养均可以显著抑制铜绿微囊藻生长,效果相似,而环棱螺单独培养可以使蓝藻Chl-a浓度和光曲线参数值降为零,同时使得微囊藻细胞全部失活.金鱼藻与环棱螺都可以降低铜绿微囊藻光合活性,草-螺共培养系统可以最大程度降低藻类整体的生长潜能.研究发现,草-螺耦合系统对铜绿微囊藻的总体抑制效率略低于两者单独抑制效率,表明金鱼藻和环棱螺在此过程中存在微弱的拮抗作用,但由于草-螺耦合系统的抑制成效同样显著,且抑制途径更多样,同时能更好地维持水体营养盐平衡.在实践过程中建议加强沉...     

原广州氮肥厂地块地下水环境质量评价

对原广州氮肥厂遗留地块浅层地下水环境质量进行调查与评价。结果表明,其整个地块浅层地下水被污染,特别是硫酸车间和造气车间为地下水污染最重区域。主要污染项目为Mn、NH3-N、亚硝酸盐、Fe、总硬度、IMn、SO2-、F-。提出,在作土壤开挖、修复和新建工程项目过程中,工程施工排水应处理后方可排放,以减少对周围环境水体的影响;建筑工人应避免直接接触地下水,施工时佩带手套,做好保护措施,减少皮肤暴露。