Environmental Chemistry Letters - Dihydrogen (H2), commonly named ‘hydrogen,’ is considered as a promising renewable fuel that does not emit carbon dioxide upon combustion. Nonetheless,... 相似文献
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Macroinvertebrate community in the intertidal setup plays an important role in coastal ecosystem functions and biogeochemical cycle. However,... 相似文献
Due to the presence of toxic metals, dumping of heavy oil fly ash (HOFA) is causing ever-growing environmental problem including the pollution of air, water and soil. The present study investigates the possible environmental impacts associated with the land disposal of HOFA generated in the power plant. Different modeling and laboratory analysis were integrated to address the real environmental problems. Leaching behavior of heavy metals within the HOFA were investigated by laboratory batch leaching tests, which confirmed that most of the toxic elements in the HOFA can easily leach into the environment with rain water. The level of atmospheric dust surrounding a HOFA dumping site was predicted using the Industrial Source Complex (ISC3) air dispersion model, and the results indicated that the dumping of HOFA could be a potential hazard for local air quality. The study also revealed different reuse options of HOFA. The characteristic analysis confirmed HOFA can be used as a natural adsorbent to remove pollutants from wastewater or as soil stabilizing material by blending with cement. 相似文献
Cameron Highlands has a long history of intensive horticulture especially vegetable and flower cultivation. This industry
uses large amounts of nutrients and pesticides. Several simulation models were used to assess the movement of pesticides and
nutrients in relation to agronomic practices in farm plots cultivated with cabbage and chrysanthemum. It was shown that most
of the pesticides are absorbed by the topsoils which are enriched by organic fertiliser, and are not leached beyond the top
10 cm layer. Methamidophos, dazomet, cyromazine, triforine and NO3N were predicted to cause soil contamination. The application of high amounts of fertilisers can cause nitrate contamination
to the groundwater in Cameron Highlands. 相似文献
Chlorine has been utilized in the early stages of water treatment processes as disinfectant. Disinfection for drinking water reduces the risk of pathogenic infection but may pose a chemical threat to human health due to disinfection residues and their by-products (DBP) when the organic and inorganic precursors are present in water. In the last two decades, many modeling attempts have been made to predict the occurrence of DBP in drinking water. Models have been developed based on data generated in laboratory-scale and field-scale investigations. The objective of this paper is to develop a predictive model for DBP formation in the Alexandria governorate located at the northern west of Egypt based on field-scale investigations as well as laboratory-controlled experimentations. The present study showed that the correlation coefficient between trihalomethanes (THM) predicted and THM measured was R2?=?0.88 and the minimum deviation percentage between THM predicted and THM measured was 0.8 %, the maximum deviation percentage was 89.3 %, and the average deviation was 17.8 %, while the correlation coefficient between dichloroacetic acid (DCAA) predicted and DCAA measured was R2?=?0.98 and the minimum deviation percentage between DCAA predicted and DCAA measured was 1.3 %, the maximum deviation percentage was 47.2 %, and the average deviation was 16.6 %. In addition, the correlation coefficient between trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) predicted and TCAA measured was R2?=?0.98 and the minimum deviation percentage between TCAA predicted and TCAA measured was 4.9 %, the maximum deviation percentage was 43.0 %, and the average deviation was 16.0 %. 相似文献
Agricultural wastes, oil palm trunk (OPT) veneer and oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) mat were used for the preparation of
hybridized plywood using 250 and 450 g/m2 of urea formaldehyde (UF) as gluing agent. The mechanical (flexural strength, flexural modulus, screw withdrawal, shear strength),
physical (density, water absorption, thickness swelling and delamination) and thermal (TGA) properties of the biocomposites
were studied. Images taken with a scanning electron micrograph (SEM) indicated an improvement in the fiber–matrix bonding
for the laminated panel glued with 450 g/m2 of UF. 相似文献
The fate of chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos in sandy loam soil under tropical condition was studied in a vegetable
plot in the Cameron Highlands, Malaysia. The plot was treated with chlorothalonil, chlorpyrifos and profenofos according to
normal agricultural practices of the Cameron Highlands. Water (runoff and lysimeter), soil and bedload sediment samples were
taken according to a sampling schedule. Residues in water, soil and bedload sediment samples were laboratory analysed to determine
amount. Chlorothalonil residues were detected in the range of < 0.01–0.08 mg/kg in the soil, < 0.01–0.02 ng/mL in the leachate,
< 0.01–0.02 ng/mL in the runoff and < 0.01–0.11mg/kg in the sediment. Field studies of chlorpyrifos showed residue levels
of < 0.01–0.06 mg/kg in the soil, < 0.01–0.07 ng/mL in the leachate, < 0.01–0.08 ng/mL in the runoff and < 0.01–0.62 mg/kg
in the sediment. Residue levels of profenofos were detected in the range of < 0.01–0.02 mg/kg in the soil, < 0.01–0.87 ng/mL
in the leachate, < 0.01–0.08 ng/mL in the runoff and < 0.01–0.35 mg/kg in the sediment. The three pesticides dissipated rapidly,
with DT50 (time for 50% loss) of less than two days. The study showed that these pesticides dissipated rapidly under the climatic
conditions of the Cameron Highlands in Malaysia. 相似文献
Objectives: Studies from different parts of the world have indicated that the impact of road traffic incidents disproportionally affects young adults. Few known studies have been forthcoming from Arabian Gulf countries. Within Oman, a high proportion of the population is under the age of 20. Coupled with the drastic increase in motorization in recent years, there is a need to understand the state of road safety among young people in Oman. The current research aimed to explore the prevalence and characteristics of road traffic injuries among young drivers aged 17–25 years.
Methods: Crash data from 2009 to 2011 were extracted from the Directorate General of Traffic, Royal Oman Police (ROP) database in Oman. The data were analyzed to explore the impact of road crashes on young people (17–25 years), the characteristics of young driver crashes, and how these differ from older drivers and to identify key predictors of fatalities in young driver crashes.
Results: Overall, young people were overrepresented in injuries and fatalities within the sample time period. Though it is true that many young people in crashes were driving at the time, it was also evident that young people were often victims in a crash caused by someone else. Thus, to reduce the impact of road crashes on young people, there is a need to generally address road safety within Oman. When young drivers were involved in crashes they were predominantly male. The types of crashes these drivers have can be broadly attributed to risk taking and inexperience. Speeding and nighttime driving were the key risk factors for fatalities.
Conclusion: The results highlight the need to address young driver safety in Oman. From these findings, the introduction of a graduated driver licensing system with nighttime driving restrictions could significantly improve young driver safety. 相似文献
Water is a scarce commodity in Kuwait. With rapid growth of population coupled with increasing urbanization and agriculture, the demand for water in Kuwait is continually on the increase. The main water source in the country is from desalination with small quantities from underground aquifers. Wastewater effluent at least for irrigation purposes, could be a valuable source to augment this dwindling water supply, and should not continue to be wasted. Reuse of wastewater effluent could both minimize the disposal of water to the environment and reduce the demand on fresh water supplies. This paper discusses the features of reuse, the processes used and standards adopted. Design data, operational results, and physical characteristics for the three wastewater treatment plants (Ardiya, Jahra, and Riqqa) in Kuwait are discussed. In addition, the paper reports on the results of a research study undertaken to determine the willingness, level of awareness and knowledge among the people of Kuwait in using wastewater effluent for different purposes. Cost and benefit analyses were conducted on wastewater effluent and reuse. The study concludes with useful recommendations to both the authorities and the citizens of Kuwait. 相似文献
In this study, the biogeochemical cycle of arsenic in the Bosporus and the Golden Horn, which have a two-layer stratified
structure, was investigated and the dominant feature in this cycle was observed to be the anthropogenic (domestic + industrial)
activities. On the contrary, in the rural areas which are far from human activities, such as İğneada, the seawater–atmosphere
interchange can be observed evidently in the periods covering the primary production. 相似文献