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151.
Pascal D. Leroy Ahmed Sabri Fran?ois J. Verheggen Fr��d��ric Francis Philippe Thonart Eric Haubruge 《Chemoecology》2011,21(3):113-122
In natural environment, semiochemicals are involved in many interactions between the different trophic levels involving insects, plants and hosts for parasitoids or prey for predators. These volatile compounds act as messengers within or between insect species, inducing particular behaviours, such as the localisation of a source of food, the orientation to an adequate oviposition site, the selection of a suitable breeding site and the localisation of hosts or prey. In this sense, bacteria have been shown to play an important role in the production of volatile compounds which ones act as semiochemicals. This review, focusing on the semiochemically mediated interactions between bacteria and insects, highlights that bacterial semiochemicals act as important messengers for insects. Indeed, in most of the studies reported here, insects respond to specific volatiles emitted by specific bacteria hosted by the insect itself (gut, mouthparts, etc.) or present in the natural environment where the insect evolves. Particularly, bacteria from the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonaceae and Bacillaceae are involved in many interactions with insects. Because semiochemicals naturally produced by bacteria could be a very interesting option for pest management, advances in this field are discussed in the context of biological control against insect pests. 相似文献
152.
Egyptian Blue, a multicomponent synthetic blue pigment has been recorded in ancient Egypt since the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom (2600–2480 B.C.). The pigment consisting of cuprorivaite (CaCuSi4O10) with variable amounts of wollastonite (CaSiO3), Cu-rich glass and cuprite (Cu3O) or tenorite (CuO) was prepared by melting the copper-rich ingredient with lime and desert sand. Low melting temperatures (below 742 °C) were achieved by addition of flux-like plant ashes. The high quality of the pigments collected from monuments of the Fifth Dynasty (2480–2320 B.C.) may indicate that the first manufacture was in early dynastic or perhaps predynastic eras. During the reign of Thutmosis III (18th Dynasty, 1490–1436 B.C.) probably bronze filings were first applied as starting material, thus indicating a technological innovation. This new method was employed till the Roman times. 相似文献
153.
To study the biological variation in the content of some persistent organic pollutants, viz hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha- and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (alpha- and gamma-HCH), and 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethane (DDT) were analysed in needles from Scots pine trees growing at an isolated peninsula south of Stockholm, Sweden. The concentration variations of each compound was evaluated by a nested analysis of variance (ANOVA) with sampling site specific compass direction, individual tree, and sampling height as factors. Two pair-wise post hoc tests were used to test significant results from the ANOVA. The hexachlorocyclohexanes showed no significant differences between sampling site, trees or sampling height. DDT concentration was significantly lower at the sampling site with the densest vegetation compared to at least three of the other sampling sites. HCB was significantly lower at the lowest sampling height (0.5 m). 相似文献
154.
The Distribution and Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments Along the Egyptian Mediterranean Coast 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
El Nemr A Said TO Khaled A El-Sikaily A Abd-Allah AM 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,124(1-3):343-359
Coastal marine sediment samples were collected from 31 sampling stations along the Egyptian Mediterranean Sea coast. All sediment
samples were analyzed to determine aliphatic and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as total organic carbon (TOC)
contents and grain size analysis. Total concentrations of 16 EPA-PAHs in the sediments were varied from 88 to 6338 ng g−1 with an average value of 154 ng g−1 (dry weight). However, the concentrations of total aliphatic were varied from 1.3 to 69.9 ng g−1 with an average value of 15.6 ng g−1 (dry weight). The highest contents of PAHs were found in the Eastern harbor (6338 ng g−1), Manzala (5206 ng g−1) and El-Jamil East (4895 ng g−1) locations. Good correlations observed between a certain numbers of PAH concentrations allowed to identify its origin. The
average total organic carbon (TOC) percent was varied from 0.91 to 4.54%. Higher concentration of total pyrolytic hydrocarbons
(∑COMB) than total fossil hydrocarbons (∑PHE) declared that atmospheric fall-out is the significant source of PAHs to marine
sediments of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast. The selected marked compounds, a principal component analysis (PCA) and special
PAHs compound ratios (phenanthrene/anthracene vs fluoranthene/pyrene; ∑COMB/∑EPA-PAHs) suggest the pyrogenic origins, especially
traffic exhausts, are the dominant sources of PAHs in most locations. Interferences of rather petrogenic and pyrolytic PAH
contaminations were noticed in the harbors due to petroleum products deliveries and fuel combustion emissions from the ships
staying alongside the quays. 相似文献
155.
Hassan Hisham Soliman El-Kamash Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim Haneen Abdel-Salam 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2019,26(25):25641-25655
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - A composite polymer, hydroxyapatite/poly(acrylamide-acrylic acid), was synthesized by gamma-induced polymerization. The factors affecting the sorption... 相似文献
156.
157.
Daniel Ociński Irena Jacukowicz-Sobala Elżbieta Kociołek-Balawejder 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2016,23(24):24527-24539
Water treatment residuals (WTRs) produced in large quantities during deironing and demanganization of infiltration water, due to high content of iron and manganese oxides, exhibit excellent sorptive properties toward arsenate and arsenite. Nonetheless, since they consist of microparticles, their practical use as an adsorbent is limited by difficulties with separation from treated solutions. The aim of this study was entrapment of chemically pretreated WTR into calcium alginate polymer and examination of sorptive properties of the obtained composite sorbent toward As(III) and As(V). Different products were formed varying in WTR content as well as in density of alginate matrix. In order to determine the key parameters of the adsorption process, both equilibrium and kinetic studies were conducted. The best properties were exhibited by a sorbent containing 5 % residuals, formed in alginate solution with a concentration of 1 %. In slightly acidic conditions (pH 4.5), its maximum sorption capacity was 3.4 and 2.9 mg g?1 for As(III) and As(V), respectively. At neutral pH, the adsorption effectiveness decreased to 3.3 mg As g?1 for arsenites and to 0.7 mg As g?1 for arsenates. The presence of carboxylic groups in polymer chains impeded in neutral conditions the diffusion of anions into sorbent beads; therefore, the main rate-limiting step of the adsorption, mainly in the case of arsenates, was intraparticle diffusion. The optimal condition for simultaneous removal of arsenates and arsenites from water by means of the obtained composite sorbent is slightly acidic pH, ensuring similar adsorption effectiveness for both arsenic species. 相似文献
158.
Saad A. El-Sayed Ahmed M. Abdel-Latif 《Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries》2000,13(6):509-517
The critical temperature as well as the critical flux for ignition of a dust layer of cornflour and a mixture of wheatflour and cornflour (80% wheatflour+20% cornflour) on a hot plate have been determined. The moulded sample was cylindrical in shape and of different heights and diameters. The particle size of dusts ranged between 63 μm to 150 μm. The temperature–time histories for self-heating without ignition and with ignition are offered, showing the critical boundaries between them. Also the times to ignition for each dust, showing the effect of sample size on their values, are determined. Certain experimental correlations which relate to times to ignition, as well as the critical temperature for ignition and thermal and geometrical dimensions of sample are presented. 相似文献
159.
An assessment of marine pollution due to metals was made in the Suez Gulf based on surface costal sediment collected from 18 locations along the Gulf. The samples were dried and acid-digested, and the metal contents (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined using a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (air-acetylene) with deuterium background correction. An evaluation of the heavy-metal pollution status of the Gulf was carried out using enrichment factors (EF) and geo-accumulation Indexes (Igeo). Also, heavy-metal concentrations in Suez Gulf sediments were evaluated using the Effect Range-Low (ERL) and the Effect Range-Median (ERM). The results of a Spearman correlation and factor and cluster analysis of the heavy metals analysed in the collected sediment were discussed. The main source of contamination is offshore oil field and industrial wastes, which arise due to the ineffective and inefficient operation equipments, illegal discharge and lack of supervision, and prosecution of offenders. 相似文献
160.
The effect of the microbial flora of municipal sewage, with special reference to faecal coliform and faecal streptococci groups, on the hydrocarbons biodegradation of the refinery wastewater from the Moustorod Oil Refinery has been studied. The results indicate that sewage with its microbial flora seems to have a significant role in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons in refinery wastewater. In addition, the early degradation in the wastewater seeded by sewage reveals that faecal streptococci, in addition to other microbial flora, have a significant role in the biodegradation of hydrocarbons. 相似文献