Cultivar-dependent rhizobacteria community and cadmium accumulation in rice: Effects on cadmium availability in soils and iron-plaque formation

The association between the rhizospheric microbial community and Cd accumulation in rice is poorly understood. A field trial was conducted to investigate the different rhizobacterial communities of two rice cultivars with high Cd accumulation (HA) and low Cd accumulation (LA) at four growth stages. Results showed that the Cd content in the roots of the HA cultivar was 1.23 - 27.53 higher than that of the LA cultivar (0.08 - 10.5 µg/plant) at four stages. The LA cultivar had a significantly lower Cd availability in rhizosphere and a higher quantity of iron plaque (IP) on the root surface than the HA cultivar at four stages. This resulted in the reduction of Cd concentration in IPs and Cd translocation from IP-to-root. Microbial analysis indicated that the LA cultivar formed a distinct rhizobacterial community from the HA cultivar and had less α-diversity. The rhizosphere of the LA cultivar was enriched in specific bacterial taxa (e.g., Massilia and Bacillus) involved in Cd immobilization by phosphate precipitation and IP formation by iron oxidization. However, the rhizosphere in the HA cultivar assembled abundant sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (e.g., Sulfuricurvum) and iron reduction bacteria (Geobacter). They promoted Cd mobilization and reduced IP formation via the metal redox process. This study reveals a potential approach in which specific rhizobacteria decrease or increase Cd accumulation in rice on contaminated soil and provides a new perspective for secure rice production.     

标准化作业确保人机两安全

通过研究作业过程 ,编制其标准化作业程序 ,使人、机、料、环 4个环节和谐统一 ,作业程序化、规范化。达到预防事故的目地 ,确保安全生产     

上海南区污水输送干线世博期间排水安全保障

上海世界博览会将于2010年5月至10月召开,会展期跨越上海市夏季主汛期。届时如何保障世博园区的排水安全和水质安全,对接纳园区污水的已建干线排水系统是一个极大的考验。通过建立上海市南干线排水管网系统的数学水力集成模型,对世博园区污水接入后南干线的水力状态进行模拟,预测世博园区的排水风险,提出世博期间南干线的排水安全保障方案,为世博会期间的防洪保安奠定基础。     

Production of a newly isolated Paenibacillus polymyxa biocontrol agent using monosodium glutamate wastewater and potato wastewater

A phyllosphere bacterial strain EBL-06 was isolated from wheat leaves. The morphology, cultural characteristics, phospholipid fatty acids, physiological and antagonistic fungus activities of this strain were investigated. A phylogenetic tree was constructed by comparing with the published 16S rDNA sequences of the relevant bacteria. The results showed that the isolate EBL-06 was a strain of Paenibacillus polymyxa; this strain performed a high level of antagonistic fungus activity toward a broad spectrum of phytopathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Fusarium spp. The isolate EBL-06 can grow well using monosodium glutamate wastewater (MGW) and potato wastewater (PW) as culture medium. The maximum yield of 6.5 × 10 9 CFU/mL of the isolate EBL-06 anti-fungus biocontrol agent was reached in 15 hr cultivation at 28°C, pH 6.0–7.5 using the mixture of MGW and PW (1:9).     

1982～2008年东北冻土区植被生长季NDVI对气候变化和CO

利用GIMMS和MODIS两种遥感数据,分析了1982～2008年东北冻土区植被生长季平均NDVI的时空特征.并探讨不同类型冻土区和不同植被类型归一化差值植被指数(NDVI)对气候变化和CO2体积分数增加的响应.研究表明.不同冻土类型区植被生长季NDVI均值从大到小依次为:连续多年冻土区＞大片多年冻土区＞季节性冻土区＞岛状多年冻土区.东北冻土区不同植被类型生长季平均NDVI值由大到小依次为:森林＞灌丛＞沼泽＞农田＞草地,其中森林植被生长季平均NDVI值为0.61,草地为0.46,过去27年间,东北冻土区植被生长季平均NDVI年际变化曲线可分为3个变化阶段:①1982～1990年,小幅上升阶段;②1990～2000年,缓慢下降阶段;③2000～2008年.明显上升阶段.1982～2008年期间,连续多年冻土区及大片多年冻土区植被生长季平均NDVI值呈显著上升趋势((P＜0.05)对于不同植被类型而言,除森林植被NDVI呈显著上升趋势外(P＜0.05),其它植被类型NDVI值无显著变化趋势.过去27年间,东北冻土区年均气温显著升高,年降水量显著下降,CO2浓度显著升高.研究区全区平均NDVI与年平均气温呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),气温是影响东北冻土区生长季植被NDVI的主要气候因子.森林和沼泽湿地植被生长季平均NDVI与年平均气温呈显著正相关,与降水量呈显著负相关(P＜0.05);5种植被类型中仅森林植被受CO2浓度影响显著.年平均气温对不同植被类型的影响由高到低的顺序为:森林＞沼泽湿地＞灌丛＞农田＞草地;降水的影响为:森林＞沼泽湿地＞草地>灌丛＞农田;CO2浓度的影响为:森林＞沼泽湿地＞草地＞农田＞灌丛.关健词:NDVI;气候变化;CO2浓度增加;东北冻土区     

龙首矿采场通风方案的研究

简介了龙首矿井的通风系统,通过十年的通风实践和调整,实现了机械化采场通风方案,同时,研讨了下向胶结充填采矿法采场的通风机理,并给以论证。     

近百年中国亚热带地区农业气候带界限动态变化及其对农业生产的影响

本文利用我国东部亚热带地区315个站点的资料,采用农业气候带分界指标,分析了北亚热带北界、中亚热带北界、南亚热带北界3个界限近百年的动态变化以及农业气候带界限波动变化对农业生产的影响。     

两种不同方法测定硝酸盐氮的比对

本文根据实验室多年的实际工作经验,分析和讨论了用离子色谱法和气相分子吸收仪两种方法测定水中硝酸盐氮的含量。其结果显示,两种方法的精密度、准确度和测定结果无显著性差异,均可作为测定地表水和地下水水中硝酸盐氮的测定方法