全文获取类型
收费全文 | 228篇 |
免费 | 4篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 9篇 |
废物处理 | 13篇 |
环保管理 | 18篇 |
综合类 | 48篇 |
基础理论 | 48篇 |
污染及防治 | 57篇 |
评价与监测 | 27篇 |
社会与环境 | 12篇 |
灾害及防治 | 3篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 6篇 |
2020年 | 2篇 |
2019年 | 2篇 |
2018年 | 6篇 |
2017年 | 7篇 |
2016年 | 13篇 |
2015年 | 9篇 |
2014年 | 10篇 |
2013年 | 19篇 |
2012年 | 14篇 |
2011年 | 22篇 |
2010年 | 12篇 |
2009年 | 10篇 |
2008年 | 16篇 |
2007年 | 4篇 |
2006年 | 15篇 |
2005年 | 3篇 |
2004年 | 17篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 4篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 4篇 |
1999年 | 4篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 2篇 |
1996年 | 2篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 2篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 3篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有235条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
Alain Jacot Hendrik Reers Wolfgang Forstmeier 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2010,64(10):1515-1525
The recognition of food-provisioning parents is crucial for fledglings of many bird species. Vocalizations are the most commonly
used cues in avian parent–offspring communication, and it has been shown in several species that fledglings respond specifically
to their parents' contact calls. However, fledglings occasionally also react to unrelated adults. Such responses may reflect
recognition errors or alternatively a strategy of fledglings to obtain food or other direct benefits from unrelated adult
birds. In a playback experiment, we tested whether zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata fledglings perceive variation in adult call signatures to recognize their parents and whether the propensity to respond to
unrelated individuals is related to the gender of adults and to signal properties of male and female calls. Male calls are
learnt and show high intra-sexual variation, which may improve the accurate recognition of the father's individual signature.
In contrast, calls of adult females are innate, show lower intra-sexual variation such that the mother's call is more likely
to be confused with another female call. We demonstrate that fledglings are able to recognize their parents. In addition,
fledglings reacted more strongly to unrelated females compared with unrelated males. Our findings suggest that responses to
unrelated adults may reflect recognition errors and indicate the importance of variation in identity signals for individual
recognition processes in parent–offspring communication. 相似文献
122.
Karine Vallée-Rehel Valérie Langlois Philippe Guérin Alain Le Borgne 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》1999,7(1):27-34
Environmental concerns result in a progressive withdrawal of antifouling paints containing organotin derivatives. The nature of the binders is critical with regard to the erosion of the protecting film through factors such as bond cleavage, dissolution, and diffusion of the degradation products. The versatility of acrylic polymers, due to the possibility of varying their chemical structure had conducted, in the first stage, to combine different types of repeating units in the macromolecular backbone. Formulation and evaluation, in natural sites, of these binders, with a well-defined hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance and with hydrolyzable pendant groups, have shown the possibility to prepare new organotin free resins which can be formulated and which are erodible in seawater over a long period (more than 2 years). A further step has been engaged with the development of graft copolymers containing biocompatible and hydrolyzable oligomers of -hydroxyacids. Their preparation requires the synthesis of -methacryloyloxyoligo--hydroxyacid macromonomers. Copolymers prepared from a mixture of the macromonomer and of an alkyl ester of acrylic acid were formulated with a biocide and deposited on a plate. Their ability to release cuprous oxide, as a model molecule, has been checked and quantified by the inductively coupled plasma analytical method. The uptake of water in the paint, which is enhanced by the hydrolysis of -hydroxyacid oligomers, as determined by the enzymatic measurement of liberated L-lactic acid, conducts to the polymer erosion and to a protecting bioactive surface. 相似文献
123.
Photodegradation and Biodegradation Study of a Starch and Poly(Lactic Acid) Coextruded Material 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alain Copinet Céline Bertrand Antoine Longieras Veronique Coma Yves Couturier 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2003,11(4):169-179
To simulate the behavior of agricultural mulch coextruded poly(lactic acid)(PLA)/starch films, two stages were carried out. The first was an ultraviolet treatment (UV) at 315 nm, during which glass transition temperature Tg, weight, and molecular weight (MW) decreased and a separation between PLA and starch phase was observed. For the second stage, the mineralization of the carbon of the material was followed using the ASTM (D 5209–92 and 5338–92) and ISO/CEN (14852 and 14855) standard procedures. To measure the biodegradability of polymer material, the assessment of the carbon balance allowed determination of the distribution between the carbon rate used to the biomass synthesis or the respiration process (released CO2), as well as the dissolved organic carbon into the culture medium and the carbon in the residual insoluble material. The influence of the nature of the medium and the standardized procedures on the final rate of biodegradation was investigated. Whatever the standardized method, the biodegradation percentage was significantly stronger in liquid medium (92.4–93.4) than on inert medium (80–83%). In the case of the compost process, only released CO2 was measured and corresponded to 79.1–80.3%. 相似文献
124.
Denyse Lajeunesse Gérald Domon Pierre Drapeau Alain Cogliastro André Bouchard 《Environmental management》1995,19(4):481-495
Preservation of small natural areas is not in itself a sufficient measure to maintain the integrity of the ecosystems for
which they were initially set aside. Intense pressure from recreational use is just one of the many human-caused stresses
that may degrade natural areas. Therefore, land-use planning and management from an ecological perspective is necessary to
assess, ensure, and in some cases increase, the ecological integrity of protected natural areas. An ecosystem management approach
for small protected natural areas with high recreational use is presented, based on three interrelated components: an ecological
evaluation procedure of ecosystems, the implementation of management interventions on ecosystems, and the development of a
monitoring scheme of ecosystem components. The ecological evaluation procedure combines two concepts: the biotic value of
vegetation and wildlife and the abiotic fragility of the soils. This combined evaluation process results in the creation of
a sensitivity map that can be used as a management tool for planners and managers. Management interventions, the second component
of the management approach, are derived from concepts of ecological succession. Intentional human interventions are used to
maintain the ecological integrity of ecosystems or in some cases to restore degraded sites. For the third component, only
the basic principles of the monitoring program will be discussed. A pilot project in one of the Montreal urban community protected
areas is presented to illustrate aspects of the proposed ecosystem management approach. 相似文献
125.
126.
To understand the consequences of the invasion of the nonnative rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss on the native marble trout Salmo marmoratus, we compared two distinct headwater sectors where marble trout occur in allopatry (MTa) or sympatry (MTs) with rainbow trout
(RTs) in the Idrijca River (Slovenia). Using data from field surveys from 2002 to 2009, with biannual (June and September)
sampling and tagging from June 2004 onwards, we analyzed body growth and survival probabilities of marble trout in each stream
sector. Density of age-0 in September over the study period was greater for MTs than MTa and very similar between MTs and
RTs, while density of trout ≥age-1 was similar for MTa and MTs and greater than density of RTs. Monthly apparent survival
probabilities were slightly higher in MTa than in MTs, while RTs showed a lower survival than MTs. Mean weight of marble and
rainbow trout aged 0+ in September was negatively related to cohort density for both marble and rainbow trout, but the relationship
was not significantly different between MTs and MTa. No clear depression of body growth of sympatric marble trout between
sampling intervals was observed. Despite a later emergence, mean weight of RTs cohorts at age 0+ in September was significantly
higher than weight of both MTs and MTa. The establishment of a self-sustaining population of rainbow trout does not have a
significant impact on body growth and survival probabilities of sympatric marble trout. The numerical dominance of rainbow
trout in streams at lower altitudes seem to suggest that while the low summer flow pattern of Slovenian streams is favorable
for rainbow trout invasion, the adaptation of marble trout to headwater environments may limit the invasion success of rainbow
trout in headwaters. 相似文献
127.
Tropical arboreal ant mosaics: innate attraction and imprinting determine nest site selection in dominant ants 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The modalities of nest site selection have, until now, been a key factor missing in the understanding of the arboreal ant
mosaic, the manipulation of which could be used to favour one ant species to the detriment of others in biological control.
We compared two dominant African arboreal ants of economic importance, Tetramorium aculeatum (Myrmicinae) and Oecophylla longinoda (Formicinae). The two species differed in terms of innate attraction to nesting site plants, their hierarchies of attractiveness
being nearly inverse. Winged females and workers were confronted with choice tests using four plant species. By using winged
females and workers originating from one of the plants to be tested, we showed the existence of a familiarisation process
which can supersede innate attraction in both species. We recorded the same effect in neonatal workers bred in the laboratory
in contact with a tested plant for 25 days after emergence, while mature workers could not be conditioned. There is, therefore,
early learning, with a sensitive period after which the influence of the environment ceases, suggesting that this is a true
imprinting process. Choice tests using neonates produced from larvae and pupae bred in the laboratory in contact with the
leaves of each tested plant permitted us to demonstrate the existence of pre-imaginal learning. Nest site selection therefore
depends on innate selective attraction and on environmental factors whose effect begins at the larval stage. There is, therefore,
the potential to “control” imprinting, allowing one ant species to be favoured to the detriment of others in monospecific
tree crop plantations.
Received: 25 May 1998 / Accepted after revision: 9 October 1998 相似文献
128.
Ait-Mouheb Nassim Bahri Akiça Thayer Bechir Ben Benyahia Boumediene Bourrié Guilhem Cherki Brahim Condom Nicolas Declercq Rémi Gunes Adem Héran Marc Kitir Nurgul Molle Bruno Patureau Dominique Pollice Alfieri Rapaport Alain Renault Pierre Riahi Khalifa Romagny Bruno Sari Tewfik Sinfort Carole Steyer Jean-Philippe Talozi Samer Topcuoglu Bulent Turan Metin Wéry Nathalie Yıldırım Ertan Harmand Jérôme 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(3):693-705
Regional Environmental Change - Climate change and a growing population around the Mediterranean Rim are increasing the need for water and, consequently, the pressure on resources in terms of both... 相似文献
129.
Battle?Karimi Pierre?Alain?Maron Nicolas?Chemidlin-Prevost Boure Nadine?Bernard Daniel?Gilbert Lionel?RanjardEmail author 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2017,15(2):265-281
Evaluating the quality of ecosystems in terms of biological patrimony and functioning is of critical importance in the actual context of intensified human activities. Microbial diversity is commonly used as a bioindicator of ecosystems functioning. However, there is a lack of sensitivity of microbial diversity indicators in the case of moderate and chronic environmental degradation, such as atmospheric deposition of pollutants, agricultural practices, diffuse pollution by wastewater and climate change. As a consequence, there is a need for alternative bioindicators of soils and water quality. Here, we discuss the interest of adopting a more integrative approach based on biotic interaction networks beyond the simple diversity indicators. We review how the various biotic interactions can be integrated in the various microbial networks such as trophic, mutualistic and co-occurrence networks. Then we discuss the efficiency of microbial networks and associated metrics to detect changes in microbial communities. We conclude that the connectance, the number of links and the average degree of co-occurrence networks could vary from 10 to 50% in response to minor perturbations when microbial diversity parameters remain stable. Finally, we analyze studies that aimed at linking microbial networks and activity to evaluate the potential of such networks for providing simple and operational indicators of ecosystem quality and functioning. 相似文献
130.
Benoît Jobin Claudie Latendresse Alain Baril Charles Maisonneuve Céline Boutin Dominique Côté 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(4):2215-2229
We studied landscape dynamics for three time periods (<1950, 1965, and 1997) along a gradient of agricultural intensity from highly intensive agriculture to forested areas in southern Québec. Air photos were analyzed to obtain long-term information on land cover (crop and habitat types) and linear habitats (hedgerows and riparian habitats) and landscape metrics were calculated to quantify changes in habitat configuration. Anthropogenic areas increased in all types of landscapes but mostly occurred in the highly disturbed cash crop dominated landscape. Perennial crops (pasture and hayfields) were largely converted into annual crops (corn and soybean) between 1965 and 1997. The coalescence of annual crop fields resulted in a more homogeneous agricultural landscape. Old fields and forest cover was consistently low and forest fragmentation remained stable through time in the intensive agriculture landscapes. However, forest cover increased and forest fragmentation receded in the forest-dominated landscapes following farm abandonment and the transition of old fields into forests. Tree-dominated hedgerows and riparian habitats increased in areas with intensive agriculture. Observed changes in land cover classes are related to proximate factors, such as surficial deposits and topography. Agriculture intensification occurred in areas highly suitable for agriculture whereas farm abandonment was observed in poor-quality agriculture terrains. Large-scale conversion of perennial crops into annual crops along with continued urbanization exerts strong pressures on residual natural habitats and their inhabiting wildlife. The afforestation process occurring in the more forested landscapes along with the addition of tree-dominated hedgerows and riparian habitats in the agriculture-dominated landscapes should improve landscape ecological value. 相似文献