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441.
Otto A. Homberg Alan H. Singleton 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):375-378
The application of Claus Plant sulfur recovery units to the coke oven gas (COG) acid gases at three Bethlehem Steel Corporation plants is discussed. While many of the problems encountered are not unique to coke oven gas-derived acid gases, it was found that special consideration must be given to the effect of components not normally encountered in the typical Claus plant application to petroleum derived gases. It is perhaps fortunate that the feed composition to the three units was sufficiently different to expedite recognition of the source of some of these difficulties. One substance of concern is the hydrogen cyanide normally found in COG acid gases. In the absence of some means of removing or decomposing this material before it enters the Claus Plant extensive corrosion within the unit is observed after a short period of time. This is due to the fact that, contrary to expectation, a substantial quantity of this material survives the burner flame. The various alternatives in its elimination are discussed. A second major contaminant in COG acid gases is particulate iron sulfide and iron cyanide. While the exact source of these materials is in doubt, there is little doubt that in the absence of their removal, inorganic blockages within the Claus Plant will occur. By properly accounting for the special properties of coke oven gas-derived acid gas we have recently achieved short term sulfur recovery efficiencies of 95% and higher. 相似文献
442.
Melvin W. First Walter Schilling J.H. Govan Alan H. Quinby 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(7):653-659
The information contained in this paper is directed to research workers concerned with odor identification and the development of methods for removal of odorous components from hot, moist stack gases and to application engineers faced with the practical problem of selecting effective, yet economical, odor control equipment for industrial operations. The new techniques described here demonstrate the beneficial uses of gas phase reactions as a conditioning step preceding absorption in a chemically reactive solution. Cost comparisons show markedly lower costs for full-scale reactor-absorbers than for gas incinerators for equal contaminant removal. Other methods of removing odors at the source, e.g., injection of ozone, use of nonvolatile oxidizing agents in solution, and adsorption on activated charcoal, were found to be impractical, ineffective, or both. The application of reactor-absorbers to spent grain drying is discussed in detail and reference is made to the use of this technique for other food industry waste treatment processes including rendering and fish and poultry meal production. 相似文献
443.
444.
Robert G. Smith Alan Sherman 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(8):792-793
In colleges and universities across the country, courses in ecology and environmental science are among the newest additions to the catalog. The goal of such courses is to make students aware of the environmental dilemma, a just and necessary goal. However, there is a need to do more than this. Jobs dealing with environmental protection are becoming more and more complex due to the recent passage of State and Federal legislation, which includes the Clean Air Act, the Amendments to the Water Pollution Control Act and the Occupational Safety and Health Act, just to name a few. Trained personnel are needed by industry and government. For this reason, in 1971, Middlesex County College initiated an Environmental Health Science Technology Program. 相似文献
445.
Alan H. Dean Kenneth M. Cushing 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(1):90-96
Pulse-jet fabric filters rely on the filtration of dirty flue gas by the outside surface of the bags, which are then cleaned by a shock wave generated by an air pulse entering each bag from the top. As it travels down the length of the bag, the shock wave flexes the fabric and dislodges the dust cake. Enhancement of the pulse may be achieved by using a venturi, and cleaning may be on-line or off-line. This paper summarizes the results of an exhaustive study conducted for the Electric Power Research Institute to provide a convenient and versatile information base about the use of pulse-jet fabric filters on coal-fired boilers. Predominant features of the many pulse-jet installations identified by vendor survey and literature survey are shown in graphical and tabular form. 相似文献
446.
447.
Alan R. Collins Jason Murphy Danny Bainbridge 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(6):1037-1044
ABSTRACT Four combinations of litter and carcasses from broiler chickens were examined utilizing a thermophilic, stirred-tank digester of demonstration size of approximately 10,000 gal. Under computed optimal loading rates, litter with paper bedding had the highest daily production of methane over an 8-day retention period. The greatest methane production per lb of volatile solids was achieved over 10 days with litter and paper bedding combined with carcasses. This research found that sufficient poultry litter is generated within 20 mi (32 km) of Moorefield, WV, to support a commercial-sized digester operation. However, anaerobic digestion of poultry waste cannot be financially supported by methane production alone. To be financially viable, anaerobic digestion requires a disposal fee for poultry waste and/or the sale of the digested solid effluent as an organic fertilizer to retail markets. 相似文献
448.
Mahmoud Abu-Allaban Safeia Hamasha Alan Gertler 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1440-1444
Abstract Many areas in Jordan suffer from elevated levels of coarse particulate matter (PM10). One potentially significant source of the observed PM is the resuspension of road dust in the vicinity of limestone quarries. To obtain data to assess the impact from this source, PM10 road dust resus-pension factors near Abusiiah, a town to the north east of Amman surrounded by many quarries and brick factories, were measured. Measurements included PM10 mass, particle size distributions, wind speed, and wind direction.The results showed that PM10 concentrations could be as high as 600 µg/m3, and most of the airborne PM is in the coarse fraction. Loading trucks play a major role in resus-pending road dust, with an observed PM10 emission rate of >6000 mg/km. 相似文献
449.
D. Alan Hansen Eric Edgerton Ben Hartsell John Jansen Harriet Burge Petros Koutrakis 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(10):1445-1458
Abstract Measurements of pollutant gases, airborne particulate matter mass and composition, and meteorology have been made at a core site near downtown Atlanta, GA, since August 1998 in support of the Aerosol Research and Inhalation Epidemiology Study (ARIES). This site is one of eight in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization network. The measurement objective is to provide a long-term, multivariate dataset suitable for investigating statistical associations of respiratory and cardiovascular disease with airborne particulate matter composition, meteorology, and copollutant gases through epidemiologic modeling. Measurements are expected to continue through 2010. Ancillary multiyear measurements at additional sites in the Atlanta metropolitan area and in short-term exposure assessments have been used to estimate the exposure/measurement error associated with using data from a central site to approximate human exposures for the entire area. To date, 13-, 25-, and 53-month air quality datasets have been used in epidemiologic analyses. 相似文献
450.
Eric S. Edgerton Benjamin E. Hartsell Rick D. Saylor John J. Jansen D. Alan Hansen George M. Hidy 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(9):1325-1341
Abstract Deployment of continuous analyzers in the Southeastern Aerosol Research and Characterization Study (SEARCH) network began in 1998 and continues today as new technologies are developed. Measurement of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) mass is performed using a dried, 30 °C tapered element oscillating microbalance (TEOM). TEOM measurements are complemented by observations of light scattering by nephelometry. Measurements of major constituents include: (1) SO4 2? via reduction to SO2; (2) NH4 + and NO3 ? via respective catalytic oxidation and reduction to NO, (3) black carbon (BC) by optical absorption, (4) total carbon by combustion to CO2, and (5) organic carbon by difference between the latter two measurements. Several illustrative examples of continuous data from the SEARCH network are presented. A distinctive composite annual average diurnal pattern is observed for PM2.5 mass, nitrate, and BC, likely indicating the influence of traffic-related emissions, growth, and break up of the boundary layer and formation of ammonium nitrate. Examination of PM2.5 components indicates the need to better understand the continuous composition of the unmeasured “other” category, because it contributes a significant fraction to total mass during periods of high PM2.5 loading. Selected episodes are presented to illustrate applications of SEARCH data. An SO2 conversion rate of 0.2%/hr is derived from an observation of a plume from a coal-fired power plant during early spring, and the importance of local, rural sources of NH3 to the formation of ammonium nitrate in particulate matter (PM) is demonstrated. 相似文献