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181.
Jorge Alberto Achcar Douglas Ernesto Fazioni Sousa Eliane R. Rodrigues Guadalupe Tzintzun 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2011,16(3):251-264
Ozone air pollution is a serious problem in several cities of the world. Hence, to analyse the behaviour of this pollutant
is a very important issue. One problem of interest is to study the behaviour of the inter-occurrences times between two ozone
exceedances, i.e. between two days in which the pollutant’s measurement surpasses a given threshold. Another interest resides
in comparing the behaviour of ozone measurements in different seasons of the year. In this paper we use some Poisson models
to analyse this problem. The time interval at which the ozone measurements were taken is split into subintervals corresponding
roughly to the seasons of the year. We consider three parametric forms for the mean of the Poisson model, and consequently
for the mean of the inter-occurrences times. In each model, the parameters describing its mean are estimated using Bayesian
inference via Markov chain Monte Carlo methods. The models are applied to the ozone measurements provided by the Mexico City
monitoring network. Theoretical results suggest that an increase has occurred in the mean inter-exceedances times and this
is corroborated by the observed data. Differences between the behaviour of the pollutant during different seasons of the year
are also detected as well as similarities in the same season in different years. Besides estimating the mean of the Poisson
models, inference for the possible presence and location of change-points indicating change of parameters of the model is
also performed. 相似文献
182.
San Martin David Orive Mikel Martínez Ekaitz Iñarra Bruno Ramos Saioa González Nagore Guinea de Salas Alejandro Vázquez Luis Alberto Zufía Jaime 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(13):15716-15730
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Approximately 33% of food produced around the world is wasted. In the distribution sector, erroneous orders or demand predictions result in products... 相似文献
183.
Furlan Lorenzo Pozzebon Alberto Duso Carlo Simon-Delso Noa Sánchez-Bayo Francisco Marchand Patrice A. Codato Filippo Bijleveld van Lexmond Maarten Bonmatin Jean-Marc 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(10):11798-11820
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over-reliance on pesticides for pest control is inflicting serious damage to the environmental services that underpin agricultural productivity. The... 相似文献
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185.
Mining Communities from a Resilience Perspective: Managing Disturbance and Vulnerability in Itabira,Brazil 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Joseph Wasylycia-Leis Patricia Fitzpatrick Alberto Fonseca 《Environmental management》2014,53(3):481-495
This paper applies the resilience lens to a social–ecological system characterized by the presence of large-scale mineral extraction operations. The system in question is the Brazilian community of Itabira, Minas Gerais, host to an iron ore operation of Vale, the world’s second largest mining corporation. Utilizing a resilience assessment framework, this study describes the various components of the Itabira social–ecological system revealing the challenges brought about by mining’s dominance. Data collection included literature reviews and semi-structured interviews with 29 individuals representing different stakeholder groups. Findings revealed that, despite recent efforts by government to regulate the industry, the mine continues to generate press and pulse disturbances that impact the resilience of the community. Operating from the standpoint that resilience depends largely upon the management capacity of stakeholders, the research identifies three ways to improve mining governance in Itabira. First, there is a need for local government to have more power in dealings with the corporation. Concurrent with this power, however, the municipality must demonstrate ownership over its fate, ideally through the creation of a sustainability plan. Finally, all key parties must demonstrate commitment to cooperating to resolve outstanding disturbances, even when these fall outside the regulatory approval process. While Itabira will remain a mining town for the foreseeable future, actions taken now to address challenges will only strengthen community well-being and sustainability moving forward. 相似文献
186.
In Patagonia, Argentina, watching dolphins, especially dusky dolphins (Lagenorhynchus obscurus), is a new tourist activity. Feeding time decreases and time to return to feeding after feeding is abandoned and time it takes a group of dolphins to feed increase in the presence of boats. Such effects on feeding behavior may exert energetic costs on dolphins and thus reduce an individual's survival and reproductive capacity or maybe associated with shifts in distribution. We sought to predict which behavioral changes modify the activity pattern of dolphins the most. We modeled behavioral sequences of dusky dolphins with Markov chains. We calculated transition probabilities from one activity to another and arranged them in a stochastic matrix model. The proportion of time dolphins dedicated to a given activity (activity budget) and the time it took a dolphin to resume that activity after it had been abandoned (recurrence time) were calculated. We used a sensitivity analysis of Markov chains to calculate the sensitivity of the time budget and the activity-resumption time to changes in behavioral transition probabilities. Feeding-time budget was most sensitive to changes in the probability of dolphins switching from traveling to feeding behavior and of maintaining feeding behavior. Thus, an increase in these probabilities would be associated with the largest reduction in the time dedicated to feeding. A reduction in the probability of changing from traveling to feeding would also be associated with the largest increases in the time it takes dolphins to resume feeding. To approach dolphins when they are traveling would not affect behavior less because presence of the boat may keep dolphins from returning to feeding. Our results may help operators of dolphin-watching vessels minimize negative effects on dolphins. 相似文献
187.
Luis Américo Conti Carlos Alberto S. Araujo Fernando S. Paolo Roberto L. Barcellos Marcelo Rodrigues Michel M. Mahiques Valdenir V. Furtado 《Journal of Coastal Conservation》2012,16(1):13-24
The aim of this work is to use GIS integration data to characterize sedimentary processes in a SubTropical lagoon environment.
The study area was the Cananéia Inlet estuary in the southeastern section of the Cananéia Lagoon Estuarine System (CLES), state of S?o Paulo, Brazil (25°03′S/47°53′W). The area is formed by the confluence of two estuarine channels forming a
bay-shaped water body locally called “Trapandé Bay”. The region is surrounded by one of the most preserved tracts of Atlantic Rain Forest in Southwestern Brazil and presents
well-developed mangroves and marshes. In this study a methodology was developed using integrated a GIS database based on bottom
sediment parameters, geomorphological data, remote sensing images, Hidrodynamical Modeling data and geophysical parameters.
The sediment grain size parameters and the bottom morphology of the lagoon were also used to develop models of net sediment
transport pathways. It was possible to observe that the sediment transport vectors based on the grain size model had a good
correlation with the transport model based on the bottom topography features and Hydrodynamic model, especially in areas with
stronger energetic conditions, with a minor contribution of finer sediments. This relation is somewhat less evident near shallower
banks and depositional features. In these regions the organic matter contents in the sediments was a good complementary tool
for inferring the hydrodynamic and depositional conditions (i.e. primary productivity, sedimentation rates, sources, oxi-reduction rates). 相似文献
188.
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190.
Bernstein AG Bonsembiante E Brusatin G Calzolari G Colombo P Dall'Igna R Hreglich S Scarinci G 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2002,22(8):71-869
Vitrification and production of ceramics materials starting from sediment excavated from Venice lagoon is described. This sediment is classified as toxic waste because contains several heavy metal ions and organic pollutants and was successfully vitrified at 1200-1350 degrees C. Twenty weight percentage of glass cullet, coming from a community glass recycling program, was added to the raw materials, previously calcined at 900 degrees C, as a way of adjusting the variations of composition of the individual sediment batches. Chemical durability (leaching) tests showed that the optimized glass compositions are inert, and thus not only volume reduction but also inertization of the waste was obtained by this process. Moreover, the economics of the entire process was analysed. The valorization of the waste was accomplished by the subsequent processing of the glass derived from the inertization. Glass ceramic materials were produced by viscous phase sintering of pressed glass powders which crystallized during the densification process. Sintered glass ceramic products had good mechanical characteristics (HV = 7.5 GPa, bending strength 150 +/- 8 MPa), making them suitable for applications in the building industry. 相似文献