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211.
Invertebrates harbouring endosymbiotic chemoautotrophic bacteria are widely distributed in a variety of reducing marine habitats,
including deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Bathymodiolids are dominants of the biomass at geochemically distinct vent sites of
the Mid Atlantic Ridge (MAR) and thus are good candidates to study biological processes in response to site-specific conditions.
To satisfy their nutritional requirements, these organisms depend to varying extent on two types of chemoautotrophic symbionts
and on filterfeeding. The quantitative relationships of the nutritional modes are poorly understood. Using enzyme cytochemistry,
electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis, the structural and functional aspects of the cellular equipment necessary for
lysosomal digestion was studied. We provide evidence for the following: (1) the basis of intracellular digestion of symbionts
in Bathymodiolus azoricus from two geochemically distinct vent sites was not mainly in the large lysosomal bodies as previously thought (based on the
membranous content resembling bacteria); (2) senescent bacteria are autolysed, possibly by bacterial acid phosphatase, that
is more likely a cell cycling of the symbionts rather than an active lysosomal digestion by the host; (3) the consistent absence
of hydrolases may indicate the improper use of the name “lysosome” for large vesicles at the base of the gill bacteriocytes
(4) nutrient transfer in B. azoricus, therefore, may more likely be accomplished through leaking of metabolites from the symbiont to the host, not excluding lysosomal
resorption of dead bacteria as an auxiliary strategy for organic molecule transfer; (5) evidence is provided for microvillar
transfer of substances from the seawater that may indicate filter-feeding, in non-symbiotic ciliated gill cells of mussels
from Lucky Strike; (6) two types of lysosomal vesicles can be distinguished in digestive cells based on their enzymatic content
and their elemental composition. 相似文献
212.
Estimating abundance of killer whales in the nearshore waters of the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands using line-transect sampling 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Alexandre N. Zerbini Janice M. Waite John W. Durban Rick LeDuc Marilyn E. Dahlheim Paul R. Wade 《Marine Biology》2007,150(5):1033-1045
Killer whale (Orcinus orca Linnaeus, 1758) abundance in the North Pacific is known only for a few populations for which extensive longitudinal data
are available, with little quantitative data from more remote regions. Line-transect ship surveys were conducted in July and
August of 2001–2003 in coastal waters of the western Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. Conventional and Multiple Covariate
Distance Sampling methods were used to estimate the abundance of different killer whale ecotypes, which were distinguished
based upon morphological and genetic data. Abundance was calculated separately for two data sets that differed in the method
by which killer whale group size data were obtained. Initial group size (IGS) data corresponded to estimates of group size
at the time of first sighting, and post-encounter group size (PEGS) corresponded to estimates made after closely approaching
sighted groups. ‘Resident’-type (fish-eating) killer whales were more abundant than the ‘transient’-type (mammal-eating).
Abundance estimates of resident killer whales (991 [95% CI = 379–2,585] [IGS] and 1,587 [95% CI = 608–4,140] [PEGS]), were
at least four times greater than those of the transient killer whales (200 [95% CI = 81–488] [IGS] and 251 [95% CI = 97–644]
whales [PEGS]). The IGS estimate of abundance is preferred for resident killer whales because the estimate based on PEGS data
may show an upward bias. The PEGS estimate of abundance is likely more accurate for transients. Residents were most abundant
near Kodiak Island in the northern Gulf of Alaska, around Umnak and Unalaska Islands in the eastern Aleutians, and in Seguam
Pass in the central Aleutians. This ecotype was not observed between 156 and 164°W, south of the Alaska Peninsula. In contrast,
transient killer whale sightings were found at higher densities south of the Alaska Peninsula between the Shumagin Islands
and the eastern Aleutians. Only two sightings of ‘offshore’-type killer whales were recorded during the surveys, one northeast
of Unalaska Island and the other south of Kodiak Island. These are the first estimates of abundance of killer whale ecotypes
in the Aleutian Islands and Alaska Peninsula area and provide a baseline for quantifying the role of these top predators in
their ecosystem.
Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users.
相似文献
Alexandre N. ZerbiniEmail: |
213.
Climate change poses an existential threat to Small Island Developing States (SIDS). They have played a leading role in raising awareness of climate change on the international stage and advocating for strong climate action, notably through the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS). Despite their heterogeneity, they succeeded in building a common diplomatic discourse and influencing strategy, and mobilized political leaders as well as talented negotiators and advisors.Small Island States were a crucial group in the negotiating period up to, during the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP21), and for the entry into force of the Paris Agreement. SIDS succeeded to secure their special circumstances as vulnerable countries, demonstrated leadership in raising ambition to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to help secure an ambitious long-term temperature goal of limiting global warming to below 1.5 °C, and advanced the complex debate on loss and damage.Small Island States face major challenges to advance their leadership on climate change moving forward: securing immediate actions for those particularly vulnerable countries and increasing their influence within and outside the climate change negotiations. For Small Island states, the 1.5 °C goal should be considered “the visible part of the iceberg” for their diplomacy in a post-Paris context. 相似文献
214.
215.
Bigliardi Ana Paula Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo Pinto Edlaine Acosta dos Santos Marina Garcia Edariane Menestrino Baisch Paulo Roberto Martins Soares Maria Cristina Flores Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luíza da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(2):1409-1416
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal extraction and processing generate environmental contamination, which has several negative impacts on human health. Hematological and biochemical... 相似文献
216.
Silva Lídia Gaudêncio Ribeiro Costa Elizângela Pinheiro Starling Maria Clara Vieira Martins dos Santos Azevedo Taíza Bottrel Sue Ellen Costa Pereira Renata Oliveira Sanson Ananda Lima Afonso Robson José Cassia Franco Amorim Camila C. 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):24067-24078
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The goal of this work was to evaluate the performance of the LED irradiated photo-Fenton process on the removal of (i) estrogenic activity and (ii)... 相似文献
217.
Silva Neicí Cáceres Poetini Márcia Rósula Bianchini Matheus Chimelo Almeida Francielli Polet Dahle Mustafá Munir Mustafa Araujo Stífani Machado Bortolotto Vandreza Cardoso Musachio Elize Aparecida Santos Ramborger Bruna Piaia Novo Diogo La Rosa Roehrs Rafael Mesko Marcia Foster Prigol Marina Puntel Robson Luiz 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(14):17519-17531
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Manganese (Mn) is an essential element that, in excess, seems to be involved in the development of different neurodegenerative conditions.... 相似文献
218.
Fidelis Michel Zampieri Abreu Eduardo Josué Tatiana Gulminie de Almeida Lariana Negrão Beraldo Lenzi Giane Gonçalves Santos Onelia Aparecida Andreo Dos 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(19):23675-23683
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study describes the use of a prototype for the continuous photocatalytic reaction process using Fe/Nb2O5-immobilized catalyst for triclosan and... 相似文献
219.
Coelho Paula Nunes Paes Thécia Alfenas Silva Valente Maia-Barbosa Paulina Maria dos Santos-Wisniewski Maria José 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(24):30887-30897
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Here, we describe the abundance and composition of the dormant-stage banks of cladocerans and rotifers at two locations in a tropical reservoir... 相似文献
220.
Cristale Joyce Oliveira Santos Izabela Umbuzeiro Gisela de Aragão Fagnani Enelton 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(42):59244-59255
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are substances globally used as flame retardants and plasticizers that have been detected in all environmental... 相似文献