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41.
Hot base digestion of fish meal and shrimps in combination with sodium borohydride reduction produces only trimethylarsine (TMA). This treatment produces TMA in different amounts relative to the total arsenic content which is mainly of organic structure. These materials of marine origin yielded 94% and 69% resp. of the calculated amount of TMA. Arsenobetaine and arsenocholine were degraded under identical conditions and were found to produce only TMA (95% and 8% resp.). Furthermore, studies using thin-layer chromatography, electrophoresis and ion-exchange chromatography have confirmed the existence of one organoarsenic compound in fish meal and two organoarsenicals in shrimps. The major organoarsenic compound in fish meal was identified as arsenobetaine by masspectroscopy. In shrimps about of the organoarsenic compounds was shown to be arsenobetaine and there is a strong indication for the presence of arsenocholine. 相似文献
42.
Vlasis Oikonomou Alexandros Flamos Niki-Artemis Spyridaki Wytze van der Gaast Ariane De Dominicis Nicolas Chung 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2012,17(2):187-205
Next to energy efficiency, in the context of GHG reductions, additional policy mechanisms to the incumbent EU Emissions Trading
scheme (EU ETS) are discussed. Such is the case of Non-ETS Domestic Offset (DO) schemes, which can reduce CO2-eq.emissions in the non-ETS sectors and trade these as CO2 credits on the ETS market. Taking into account that the EU’s “Linking Directive” (EC 2004) creates the conditions to use credits generated by emission reduction projects certified by the UN Framework Convention
on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol (KP) within the EU ETS market, in this paper we employ the institutional analysis method
of interactions in order to provide insight of a combined White Certificates (WhC) and DOs cheme. Special attention is paid
to the parameters that seem to hamper harmonization of WhC and DO. Aim of this paper is to discuss whether smart market- based
instruments, such as WhC, can be complementary to the effectiveness of mechanisms fostering energy efficiency such as DOs
projects and vice versa. In this respect, the potential combined scheme is assessed (ex-ante) with the help of standard criteria
that refer to the triptych energy, environment & society. Given the outcome of the study made, it is fair to say that such
a DO/WhC combined scheme could be selected if the additionality concern is to minimize short term social costs of reaching
a certain goal. However recent information and research conducted so far cannot yet uphold an ambition that a WhC/DO scheme
of this kind could also drive technical change, keep consumer costs down and be equitable. 相似文献
43.
Lozano Lazo Denise P. Bojanic Helbingen Cynthia Gasparatos Alexandros 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2023,25(1):565-581
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - Detailed information about waste generation rates, composition, and their influencing factors, is essential for sustainable municipal solid waste... 相似文献