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131.
Mahamudur Islam Prakash Chandra Mishra Rajkishore Patel 《Journal of environmental management》2010,91(9):1883-1891
A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of hydroxyapatite (HAP) towards removal of nitrate from synthetic nitrate solution. In the present research HAP synthesized from egg-shell was characterized using SEM, XRD, FTIR and TGA–DSC. The removal of nitrate was 96% under neutral conditions, using 0.3 g of adsorbent in 100 mL of nitrate solution having an initial concentration of 100 mg/L. An adsorption kinetic study revealed that the adsorption process followed first order kinetics. Adsorption data were fitted to a linearly transformed Langmuir isotherm with correlation coefficient (R2) > 0.98. Thermodynamic parameters were also calculated to study the effect of temperature on the removal process. In order to understand the adsorption type, equilibrium data were tested with the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm. The process was rapid and equilibrium was established within the first 40 min. 相似文献
132.
Forest structure and regeneration along the altitudinal gradient in the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary,Uttarakhand Himalaya,India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Forest structure and regeneration were studied along the altitudinal gradient in the Binsar Wildlife Sanctuary of Uttarakhand
Himalaya in India. Stratified random sampling of tree species was done by placing minimum 15 quadrats of 10 × 10 m at each
aspect and altitude. The results reveal that along the altitudinal gradient there were three types of forest communities in
the Sanctuary viz., chir pine (Pinus roxburghii), oakchir pine (Quercus leucotrichophora and Pinus roxburghii) and oak (Quercus floribunda and Quercus leucotrichophora). Rhododendron arboreum, Cornus macrophylla and Lyonia ovalifolia were main associates of these forest communities. The oak forests had larger shrub population as compared to chir pine. Myrsine africana was the most dominant shrub across the altitudinal gradient, whereas few shrub species were restricted to a certain altitudinal
range. The regeneration of chir pine was best at lower altitude on south and east aspects, which indicates that it mostly
regenerates on warm and dry slopes. In general, the regeneration potential in most of the tree species declines with the altitude.
The density of saplings and seedlings also represented the dominant species at each altitudinal range, which indicates the
cyclic regeneration of forests in the Sanctuary area. 相似文献
133.
Nested numerical scheme in a polar coordinate shallow water model for the coast of Bangladesh 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study is concerned with the development of storm surge model to predict water level accurately due to surge associated with a cyclone along the coast of Bangladesh. Considering the funnel shape of the Bay of Bengal, coastal bending and the existence of off-shore islands, a vertically integrated model in cylindrical polar coordinate system is developed using nested numerical scheme. A fine mesh scheme capable of incorporating coastal bending and offshore islands properly in the numerical scheme is nested into a coarse mesh scheme covering up to 15° N latitude of the Bay of Bengal. The developed model is used to estimate water levels at different coastal and island stations associated with a few storms that hit the coast of Bangladesh. The computed surge levels compared well with observed ones and predicted surge levels investigated with different approaches. 相似文献
134.
Development of a novel fungal consortium for the treatment of molasses distillery wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In India, cane molasses–based distilleries are major production centers of ethanol. These industries release a dark brown
colored effluent known as spent wash, which even after anaerobic treatment retains the color. The commonly used practices
of treatment fail to remove the color and COD. A novel fungal consortium was developed for the treatment of this recalcitrant
wastewater. The consortium was run on a bioreactor with undiluted distillery effluent for 40 days. In the first 14 days, 61.5%
color and 65.4% COD removal was achieved. Further, the fungi were able to use wheat straw as carbon source as evidenced by
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) while treating the distillery wastewater. It is expected that such a treatment step will
lead to development of a treatment technology for distillery wastewater without the need for diluting it. 相似文献
135.
Chandra Mouli Pavuluri Kimitaka Kawamura Eri Tachibana T. Swaminathan 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2010,44(29):3597-3604
To better understand the origins of aerosol nitrogen, we measured concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) and its isotope ratios (δ15N) in tropical Indian aerosols (PM10) collected from Chennai (13.04°N; 80.17°E) on day- and night-time basis in winter and summer 2007. We found high δ15N values (+15.7 to +31.2‰) of aerosol N (0.3–3.8 μg m?3), in which NH4+ is the major species (78%) with lesser contribution from NO3? (6%). Based on the comparison of δ15N in Chennai aerosols with those reported for atmospheric aerosols from mid-latitudes and for the particles emitted from point sources (including a laboratory study), as well as the δ15N ratios of cow-dung samples (this study), we found that the atmospheric aerosol N in Chennai has two major sources; animal excreta and bio-fuel/biomass burning from South and Southeast Asia. We demonstrate that a gas-to-particle conversion of NH3 to NH4HSO4 and (NH4)2SO4 and the subsequent exchange reaction between NH3 and NH4+ are responsible for the isotopic enrichment of 15N in aerosol nitrogen. 相似文献
136.
Willow (Salix fragilis Linn.): A multipurpose tree species under pest attack in the cold desert of Lahaul valley, northwestern Himalaya, India 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Salix fragilis is the most common willow species grown extensively under the indigenous agroforestry system in the cold desert of Lahaul valley located in the northwestern Himalayas, India. Presently, this tree is under severe pest attack, and other infections have made its survival in the area questionable. This deciduous multipurpose tree species provides vegetation cover to the barren landscape of Lahaul and is a significant contributor of fuel and fodder to the region. This study is a detailed profile of the plant in three villages within this region: Khoksar, Jahlma, and Hinsa. The willow provided 69.5%, 29%, and 42% of the total fuelwood requirements of Jahlma, Khoksar, and Hinsa respectively. A striking observation was that only 30.0 +/- 20.1% trees were healthy: 55.2 +/- 16.1% of the willows have dried up and 14.8 +/- 6.1% were in drying condition due to a combination of pest infestation and infection. To sustain this cultivation of willow under the existing agroforestry system in the region, we recommend that locally available wild species and other established varieties of willow growing in similar regions of the Himalayas be introduced on a trial basis. 相似文献
137.
斯里兰卡梅迪里吉里亚的社区生态旅游计划——保护与开发相结合 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Chandra de Silva 《生态毒理学报》2002,24(3):54-57
斯里兰卡政府推动社区生态旅游业发展 , 把它作为农村地区可持续性的保护手段和开发途径 . 梅迪里吉里亚 (Medirigiriya)社区生态旅游计划 , 是一项保护与开发相结合的综合性地方 政府社区工程 . 本文所介绍的梅迪里吉里亚示范计划 , 属于获得斯里兰卡政府支持的第一批 可持续性旅游开发试验计划之一 . 相似文献
138.
139.
Influence of common dye-bath additives, namely sodium chloride, ammonium sulphate, urea, acetic acid and citric acid, on the reductive decolouration of Direct Green 1 dye in the presence of Fe0 was investigated. Organic acids improved dye reduction by augmenting Fe0 corrosion, with acetic acid performing better than citric acid. NaCl enhanced the reduction rate by its ‘salting out’ effect on the bulk solution and by Cl− anion-mediated pitting corrosion of iron surface. (NH4)2SO4 induced ‘salting out’ effect accompanied by enhanced iron corrosion by SO42 − anion and buffering effect of NH4+ improved the reduction rates. However, at 2 g/L (NH4)2SO4 concentration, complexating of SO42 − with iron oxides decreased Fe0 reactivity. Urea severely compromised the reduction reaction, onus to its chaotropic and ‘salting in’ effect in solution, and due to it masking the Fe0 surface. Decolouration obeyed biphasic reduction kinetics (R2 > 0.993 in all the cases) exhibiting an initial rapid phase, when more than 95% dye reduction was observed, preceding a tedious phase. Maximum rapid phase reduction rate of 0.955/min was observed at pH 2 in the co-presence of all dye-bath constituents. The developed biphasic model reckoned the influence of each dye-bath additive on decolouration and simulated well with the experimental data obtained at pH 2. 相似文献
140.
Goswami S Nayak SK Pradhan AC Dey SK 《Journal of environmental biology / Academy of Environmental Biology, India》2011,32(1):105-109
Noise pollution is a significant environmental problem in many rapidly urbanizing areas of Orissa, India. Transportation sector is one of the major contributors to noise in these areas. The present study is an attempt to estimate traffic noise pollution at five places on the way from Vyasa Vihar Campus to Gyan Vigyan Vihar Campus of Fakir Mohan University, Balasore, Orissa. The sources of noise at the studied sites are predominantly attributable to motor vehicular traffic. The noise levels of all the five locations were found to be beyond permissible limit during the day time. The contributions of different types of vehicles to environmental noise were found to ranging from 70.4-94.2, 79.0-96.1, 77.8-110.2, 70.8-90.3, 71.0-87.5, 71.1-84.4, 72.5-86.9 and 74.0-85.4 dB (A) by cargo carrying Trucks, Tractors, Dumpers, Town Buses, Motor cycles, Bolero/Trucker, Pick up and Tempo respectively. The contributions of individual vehicles towards noise pollution were found to be more than the road traffic noise-limit i.e., 70 dB (A). On certain local inhabitants interviewed, the impact of noise was observed in the forms of alterations in their physical, psychological and personal aspects. This study warrants attention from all sections of people to deal with the problem of noise pollution. 相似文献