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221.
Atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Delhi were evaluated to study particulate PAHs profiles during the different seasons of 2003. Samples of urban suspended particulate matter were collected during January 2003 to December 2003 at three locations (Okhla, Dhaulakuan and Daryaganj), using a high volume sampler provided with glass fiber filters. Samples were analyzed using the gas chromatography technique. The annual average concentrations of total PAHs were found as 1,049.3 ng/m(3) at Okhla, 1,344.37 ng/m(3) at Daryaganj, and 1,117.14 ng/m(3) at Dhaulakuan. The seasonal average concentrations were found to be maximum in winter and minimum during the monsoon season. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the data was also carried out and the results indicate that diesel and gasoline driven vehicles are the principal sources of PAHs at all the three sites under investigation. Other sources might come from stationary combustion sources such as cooking fuel combustion and industrial emission. 相似文献
222.
Heavy metals in cooler waters in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Water samples were collected from 400 coolers in Riyadh area. From each cooler, one feed and one cooled water samples were collected. These samples were analyzed for trace metals like Al, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Spectrophotometer equipped with ultrasonic nebulizer. Out of 400 coolers, water from 382 (95.50%) were found to meet World Health Organization (WHO), Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO), and United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking water standards whereas water from 18 coolers (4.50%) were found to have elevated levels of Fe, Pb, and Ni metals. In one cooler, water was allowed to stand for 12 h and a 1 L sample collected every 2 h. All the metals mentioned above with the exception of Pb were found to increase due to standing time. 相似文献
223.
Mohammad Khan Jamali Tasneem Gul Kazi Mohammad Bilal Arain Hassan Imran Afridi Nusrat Jalbani Jameel A. Baig Abdul Niaz 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(4):366-375
The recycling of sewage sludge on agriculture land represents an alternative, advantageous, disposal of this waste material.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of using industrial sewage sludge, produced in Pakistan, as a
fertiliser. Agricultural soil amended with 25% (w/w) sewage sludge with or without lime treatment was used for growing a variety
of sorghum (PARC-SS-1). The mobility of the heavy metals (HMs) (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Zn) and metalloid (As) in the untreated
industrial waste water sewage sludge (UIWS) samples were assessed by applying a modified BCR (Community Bureau of Reference)
sequential extraction procedure. The single extraction procedure comprised of the application of mild extractant (CaCl2) and water for the estimation of the proportion of easily soluble metal fractions. The precision and accuracy of BCR was
evaluated by using a certified reference material of soil amended with sewage sludge BCR 483. The plant available metal contents,
as extracted by the deionised water and 0.01 M CaCl2 solution and exchangeable fraction of BCR sequential, decreased with lime application in the range of 10–44% for As, Cr,
Ni, Pb and Zn, except in the cases of Cd and Cu, where their mobility was increased by 10% and 24%, respectively. Sludge amendment
enhanced the dry weight yield of sorghum and the increase was more obvious after liming up to 25%. The uptake of HMs were
lower in test samples (3.2–21.8%), except for Cu and Cd, which was higher (4%), while they were below the permissible limit
of these metals. The present experiment demonstrates that liming was important in factors facilitating the growth of sorghum
in sludge-amended soil. 相似文献
224.
The influence of ionic composition on the water chemistry and thereby on aquatic flora was investigated. Two major wetlands
of North India were taken for the study. Quality parameters of the lakes showed the enrichment of the water especially in
the month of September with higher values of P and BOD in almost all of the lakes viz., LSJ, LCH, LSN, and LHT as <5.0, 9.0,
1.0, 1.7 and <7.3, 6.0, 6.3, and 4.0, respectively. Statistically correlated values of the ions in the water quality showed
an effect of one on another. An attempt has also been made to investigate if ionic constituent is one of the major causes
affecting the aquatic floral diversity. 相似文献
225.
Alam JB Hossain A Khan SK Banik BK Islam MR Muyen Z Rahman MH 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,134(1-3):233-242
Surma River is polluted day by day by human activities, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, discharging industrial
and household wastes. The charas (natural channels) are responsible for surface runoff conveyance from its urban catchments
to the receiving Surma River. Water samples have been collected from a part of Surma River along different points and analyzed
for various water quality parameters during dry and monsoon periods. Effects of industrial wastes, municipal sewage, and agricultural
runoff on river water quality have been investigated. The study was conducted within the Chattak to Sunamganj portion of Surma
River, which is significant due to the presence of two major industries – a paper mill and a cement factory. The other significant
feature is the conveyors that travel from India to Chattak. The river was found to be highly turbid in the monsoon season.
But BOD and fecal coliform concentration was found higher in the dry season. The water was found slightly acidic. The mean
values of parameters were Conductivity 84–805 μs; DO: dry-5.52 mg/l, monsoon-5.72 mg/l; BOD: dry-1mg/l, monsoon-0.878 mg/l;
Total Solid: dry-149.4 mg/l, monsoon-145.7 mg/l. In this study, an effort has been taken to investigate the status of concentration
of phosphate (PO−4) and ammonia–nitrogen (NH4–N) at four entrance points of Malnichara to the city, Guali chara, Gaviar khal and Bolramer khal. Data has been collected
from March–April and September–October of 2004. Concentrations have been measured using UV Spectrophotometer. Although the
phosphate concentration has been found within the limit set by DOE for fishing, irrigation and recreational purposes, however
ammonia–nitrogen has been found to exceed the limit. 相似文献
226.
227.
Iqbal Ahmed Khan Zulquernain Mallick Zahid A Khan 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2007,13(2):127-136
This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators' gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender. 相似文献
228.
Pantawat Sampanpanish Wasant Pongsapich Sutha Khaodhiar Eakalak Khan 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2006,6(1-2):191-206
The possibility of using phytoremediation with weed plant species in Thailand to remove chromium (Cr) from soil was investigated.
Six plant species, Cynodon dactylon, Pluchea indica, Phyllanthus reticulatus, Echinochloa colonum, Vetiveria nemoralis, and Amaranthus viridis, were chosen for their abilities to accumulate total chromium (TCr) at tanning industry sites. These plant species were studied
in pots at a nursery. Cynodon dactylon and Pluchea indica provided highest TCr accumulation capacities of 152.1 and 151.8 mg/kg of plant on a dry weight basis, respectively, at a
pulse hexavalent Cr [Cr(VI)] input of 100 mg Cr(VI)/kg soil. Most of the Cr uptake occurred within 30 days after the input.
The TCr accumulation by Pluchea indica was observed in roots, stems, and leaves at 27%, 38%, and 35% of the TCr mass uptake, respectively, whereas 51%, 49% and
0% of the TCr mass uptake accumulated in roots, stems, and leaves of Cynodon dactylon, respectively. The results on Cr accumulation and translocation in plant tissues suggest that Cr was removed mainly via phytoaccumulation
and Pluchea indica is more suitable than Cynodon dactylon for the phytoremediation of Cr contaminated soil. 相似文献
229.
M A Khan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》1981,16(2):141-157
Effects on reproduction and litter growth were studied for two successive reproductive periods (RP)--interval between caging females with males and whelping--in female mice treated dermally with crufomate at 100 or 50 mg/kg on days 35 and 21 before caging with untreated males. Each treatment with crufomate caused about 50% reversible inhibition of cholinesterase activity without inducing any signs of toxicity. The higher dose reduced the conception rate and the number of litters and young born and weaned during the two RPs. It also reduced the lactation index, weaning weight of males and females, and mature weight of males in the first litter. The lower dose prolonged the gestation period and reduced the lactation index and the number of litters and young weaned in the first RP and conception rate and number of litters and young born and weaned in the second RP. The lower dose reduced the weaning and mature weights of the first litter and mature weight of males in the second litter. The higher dose reduced the body weight and the lower dose increased the adrenal weight of the treated females. 相似文献
230.
This study is based on zooplankton samples collected in the upper 50 m by the F.R.V. Manihine in the Gulf of Aden during October–November, 1966 and February–March, 1967. Generally, the displacement volume of zooplankton varied between 20 and 67 ml/m2. Some higher values, up to 100 ml/m2, were also observed. The number of larval fish in positive hauls ranged from 2 to 282 larvae/m2. An inverse relationship between the number of larval fish and the accompanying volume of zooplankton was noted. This relationship is discussed. It is hypothesized that larval mortality due to predation in the Gulf of Aden during the northeast monsoon (November, February and March) was very high. 相似文献