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991.
Silva E Mendes MP Ribeiro L Cerejeira MJ 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,19(7):2667-2680
Purpose
To assess groundwater exposure to pesticides, in agricultural areas of ??Ribatejo?? region (Portugal), and the influence of some key factors in that exposure, field, laboratory and modelling studies were carried out.Methods
The study was performed in maize, potato, sugar beet, tomato and vegetables agricultural areas, located in a shallow aquifer, with pesticides use and, in most cases, with irrigation practices. Pesticides used in the studied agricultural areas and having leaching potential were selected, being considered also other pesticides included in priority lists, defined in Europe. Evaluation of groundwater exposure to pesticides was carried out by successively: (1) groundwater sampling in seven campaigns over the period 2004?C2006; (2) pesticide analysis [including isolation and concentration from the groundwater samples and further determination by gas chromatography?Cmass spectrometry (GC?CMS) of 14 herbicides, four insecticides and two metabolites]; and (3) analysis and discussion of the results by applying joint correspondence analysis (JCA).Results
From the 20 pesticides and metabolites selected for the study, 11 were found in groundwater. Pesticides and metabolites most frequently detected were atrazine, alachlor, metolachlor, desethylatrazine, ethofumesate, ??-endosulfan, metribuzine, lindane and ??-endosulfan. The results showed that groundwater exposure to pesticides is influenced by local factors??either environmental or agricultural, as precipitation, soil, geology, crops and irrigation practices. Spring and autumn were more associated with the detection of pesticides being more likely to observe mixtures of these compounds in a groundwater sample in these transition seasons.Conclusions
This work evidences the importance of models, which evaluate pesticides environmental behaviour, namely their water contamination potential (as Mackay multicompartimental fugacity model) and, specially, groundwater contamination potential (as GUS and Bacci and Gaggi leaching indices), in pesticide selection. Moreover, it reveals the importance to adapt proper statistical methods according to level of left-censored data. Using JCA was still possible to establish relations between pesticides and their temporal trend in a case study where there were more than 80% of data censored. This study will contribute to the Tagus river basin management plan with information on the patterns of pesticide occurrence in the alluvial aquifer system. 相似文献992.
Arsenic oxidation (As(III) to As(V)) and As(V) removal from water were assessed by using TiO2 immobilized in PET (polyethylene terephthalate) bottles in the presence of natural sunlight and iron salts. The effect of many parameters was sequentially studied: TiO2 concentration of the coating solution, Fe(II) concentration, pH, solar irradiation time; dissolved organic carbon concentration. The final conditions (TiO2 concentration of the coating solution: 10%; Fe(II): 7.0 mg l−1; solar exposure time: 120 min) were applied to natural water samples spiked with 500 μg l−1 As(III) in order to verify the influence of natural water matrix. After treatment, As(III) and total As concentrations were lower than the limit of quantitation (2 μg l−1) of the voltammetric method used, showing a removal over 99%, and giving evidence that As(III) was effectively oxidized to As(V). The results obtained demonstrated that TiO2 can be easily immobilized on a PET surface in order to perform As(III) oxidation in water and that this TiO2 immobilization, combined with coprecipitation of arsenic on Fe(III) hydroxides(oxides) could be an efficient way for inorganic arsenic removal from groundwaters. 相似文献
993.
Mali Matilda Di Leo Antonella Giandomenico Santina Spada Lucia Cardellicchio Nicola Calò Maria Fedele Alessandra Ferraro Luciana Milia Alfonsa Renzi Monia Massara Francesca Granata Tommaso Moruzzi Letizia Buonocunto Francesco Paolo 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(41):62281-62298
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The Gulf of Naples located in a high anthropized coastal area is subjected to an infrastructural intervention for the installation of a submarine... 相似文献
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Summary. The effects of artificially added flavonoid aglycones to birch leaf surfaces on the larval performance of six species of leaf-chewing
sawflies were investigated. Significantly negative effects of increased contents of both total flavonoid and individually
fed flavonoid compounds were found for the larval performance of certain mid to late and late, but not early season, sawfly
species. Species-specific variations in the quantity of faecal flavonoid glycosides, which were examined to investigate whether
effective glycosylation of foliar flavonoid aglycones in larvae correlated with varying tolerance to these compounds, also
yielded significant species-specific differences between early and late season species. The results suggest seasonal adaptations
in host plant use by sawflies feeding on mountain birch, such that phenologically earlier species are better adapted to coping
with leaf surface flavonoid aglycones, which occur in the highest concentrations in young leaves. 相似文献
1000.
Planners' and architects' knowledge of the needs of users as well as their perceptions of the residential environment, has been commented on in many studies dealing with residential satisfaction. In this study—based on primary research in an area of council housing in Madrid—the main goal is the study of objective and subjective factors, on both physical and social levels, which influence council housing residents' satisfaction. A sample of 447 housewives responded to a questionaire, a multiple regression analysis of which showed that attachment to the neighbourhood and relationships with neighbours explained the greatest variance in residential satisfaction. Some methodological issues about the measurement of residential satisfaction are also discussed. 相似文献