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451.
Evaluating seasonal dynamics of bacterial communities in marine fish aquaculture: a preliminary study before applying phage therapy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Pereira C Salvador S Arrojado C Silva Y Santos AL Cunha A Gomes NC Gomes N Almeida A 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2011,13(4):1053-1058
The increasing problem of antibiotic resistance in common pathogenic bacteria and the concern about the spreading of antibiotics in the environment bring the need to find new methods to control fish pathogens. Phage therapy represents a potential alternative to antibiotics, but its use in aquaculture requires a detailed understanding of bacterial communities, namely of fish pathogenic bacteria. Therefore, in this study the seasonal dynamics of the overall bacterial communities, microbiological water quality and disease-causing bacteria were followed in a marine aquaculture system of Ria de Aveiro (Portugal). Analysis of the bacterial diversity of the water samples by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of 16S rRNA gene fragments indicates that the bacterial community structure varied seasonally, showing a higher complexity during the warm season. The diversity of the main fish pathogenic bacteria, assessed by DGGE targeting the Vibrio genus, showed lower seasonal variation, with new dominating populations appearing mainly in the spring. Bacterial indicators, faecal coliforms and enterococci, enumerated by the filter-membrane method, also varied seasonally. The fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) results showed that the specific groups of bacteria varied during the study period and that the non-indigenous Enterobactereaceae family was the most abundant group followed by Vibrio and Aeromonas. The seasonal variation detected in terms of density and structure of total and pathogenic bacterial communities demonstrates the need for a careful monitoring of water through the year in order to select the suitable phages to inactivate fish pathogenic bacteria. The spring season seems to be the critical time period when phage therapy should be applied. 相似文献
452.
Boyero L Pearson RG Dudgeon D Graça MA Gessner MO Albariño RJ Ferreira V Yule CM Boulton AJ Arunachalam M Callisto M Chauvet E Ramírez A Chará J Moretti MS Gonçalves JF Helson JE Chará-Serna AM Encalada AC Davies JN Lamothe S Cornejo A Li AO Buria LM Villanueva VD Zúñiga MC Pringle CM 《Ecology》2011,92(9):1839-1848
Most hypotheses explaining the general gradient of higher diversity toward the equator are implicit or explicit about greater species packing in the tropics. However, global patterns of diversity within guilds, including trophic guilds (i.e., groups of organisms that use similar food resources), are poorly known. We explored global diversity patterns of a key trophic guild in stream ecosystems, the detritivore shredders. This was motivated by the fundamental ecological role of shredders as decomposers of leaf litter and by some records pointing to low shredder diversity and abundance in the tropics, which contrasts with diversity patterns of most major taxa for which broad-scale latitudinal patterns haven been examined. Given this evidence, we hypothesized that shredders are more abundant and diverse in temperate than in tropical streams, and that this pattern is related to the higher temperatures and lower availability of high-quality leaf litter in the tropics. Our comprehensive global survey (129 stream sites from 14 regions on six continents) corroborated the expected latitudinal pattern and showed that shredder distribution (abundance, diversity and assemblage composition) was explained by a combination of factors, including water temperature (some taxa were restricted to cool waters) and biogeography (some taxa were more diverse in particular biogeographic realms). In contrast to our hypothesis, shredder diversity was unrelated to leaf toughness, but it was inversely related to litter diversity. Our findings markedly contrast with global trends of diversity for most taxa, and with the general rule of higher consumer diversity at higher levels of resource diversity. Moreover, they highlight the emerging role of temperature in understanding global patterns of diversity, which is of great relevance in the face of projected global warming. 相似文献
453.
Elizabeth?L.?Franklin Thomas?O.?Richardson Ana?B.?Sendova-Franks Elva?J.?H.?Robinson Nigel?R.?FranksEmail author 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2011,65(4):569-579
During tandem runs, one ant worker recruits another to an important resource. Here, we begin to investigate how dependent
are tandem leaders and followers on visual cues by painting over their compound eyes to impair their vision. There are two
ways in which Temnothorax albipennis might use vision during tandem running. First, the follower might track the movements of the leader by keeping it in sight.
Our results suggest that the ants do not use vision in this way. For example, in all four classes of tandem run (those with
either leader or follower, both, or neither of their participants with visual impairments) progress was most smooth at about
3 mm/s. This suggests that communication between leaders and followers during tandem runs is not based on vision and is purely
tactile and pheromonal. Second, the leader and the follower might be using vision to navigate and our results support this
possibility but also suggest that these ants have other methods of navigation. Ants with visual impairments were more likely
to follow than to lead, but could occupy either role, even though they had many fully sighted nestmates. This might help to
explain why the ants did not focus grooming on their most visually impaired nestmates. Wild-type tandem runs, with both participants
fully sighted and presumably taking time to learn landmarks, were overall significantly slower, smoother, and a little less
tortuous, than the other treatments. All four classes of tandem run significantly increased mean instantaneous speeds and
mean absolute changes in instantaneous acceleration over their journeys. Moreover, tandems with sighted followers increased
their speed with time more than the other treatments. In general, our findings suggest that eyesight is used for navigation
during tandem running but that these ants also probably use other orientation systems during such recruitment and to learn
how to get to new nest sites. Our results suggest that the ants’ methods of teaching and learning are very robust and flexible. 相似文献
454.
Verónica Bastos José M.P. Ferreira-de-Oliveir Joana Carrol Ana L. Daniel-da-Silv Iola F. Duarte Conceição Santos Helena Oliveira 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(1):191-201
The antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) resulted in their increasing incorporation into consumer,industrial and biomedical products.Therefore,human and environmental exposure to AgNPs(either as an engineered product or a contaminant)supports the emergent research on the features conferring them different toxicity profiles.In this study,30 ran AgNPs coated with citrate or poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) were used to assess the influence of coating on the effects produced on a human hepatoma cell line(HepG2),namely in terms of viability,apoptosis,apoptotic related genes,cell cycle and cyclins gene expression.Both types of coated AgNPs decreased cell proliferation and viability with a similar toxicity profile.At the concentrations used(11 and 5 μg/mL corresponding to IC50 and-IC10 levels,respectively) the amount of cells undergoing apoptosis was not significant and the apoptotic related genes BCL2(anti-apoptotic gene)and BAX(pro-apoptotic gene) were both downregulated.Moreover,both AgNPs affected HepG2 cell cycle progression at the higher concentration(11 μg/mL) by increasing the percentage of cells in S(synthesis phase) and G2(Gap 2 phase) phases.Considering the cell-cycle related genes,the expression of cyclin B1 and cyclin E1 genes were decreased.Thus,this work has shown that citrate- and PEG-coated AgNPs impact on HepG2 apoptotic gene expression,cell cycle dynamics and cyclin regulation in a similar way.More research is needed to determine the properties that confer AgNPs at lower toxicity,since their use has proved helpful in several industrial and biomedical contexts. 相似文献
455.
Gama Nuno Godinho Bruno Barros-Timmons Ana Ferreira Artur 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2022,30(1):194-205
Journal of Polymers and the Environment - Lignocellulosic composites are biodegradable, have low cost, neutrality to CO2 emission, easily processed, easily available and pause no health risks,... 相似文献
456.
Nayara T. do Prado Ana P. Heitmann Herman S. Mansur Alexandra A. Mansur Luiz C.A. Oliveir Cinthia S. de Castro 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2017,29(7):312-320
This work describes the synthesis of catalysts based on red mud/polyethylene terephthalate(PET) composites and their subsequent heat treatment under N2 atmosphere.The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),temperature programmed reduction(TPR),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT–IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),thermogravimetric(TG) analysis and N2adsorption/desorption.The catalysts were evaluated in the oxidative desulfurization reaction of dibenzothiophene(DBT) in a biphasic system.The results indicated that the PET impregnation on red mud increased the affinity of the catalyst with the nonpolar phase(fuel),in which the contaminant was dissolved,allowing a higher conversion(up to 80%) and selectivity to the corresponding dibenzothiophene sulfone.The sulfone compound is more polar than DBT and diffused into the polar solvent as indicated by the data obtained via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS). 相似文献
457.
Valter M. Azevedo-Santos Marcelo F. G. Brito Pedro S. Manoel Júlia F. Perroca Jorge Luiz Rodrigues-Filho Lucas R. P. Paschoal Geslaine R. L. Gonalves Milena R. Wolf Martín C. M. Blettler Marcelo C. Andrade Andr B. Nobile Felipe P. Lima Ana M. C. Ruocco Carolina V. Silva Gilmar Perbiche-Neves Jorge L. Portinho Tommaso Giarrizzo Marlene S. Arcifa Fernando M. Pelicice 《Ambio》2021,50(7):1313
Plastics are dominant pollutants in freshwater ecosystems worldwide. Scientific studies that investigated the interaction between plastics and freshwater biodiversity are incipient, especially if compared to the marine realm. In this review, we provide a brief overview of plastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems around the world. We found evidence of plastic ingestion by 206 freshwater species, from invertebrates to mammals, in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. In addition, we reported other consequences of synthetic polymers in freshwater ecosystems—including, for instance, the entanglement of animals of different groups (e.g., birds). The problem of plastic pollution is complex and will need coordinated actions, such as recycling programs, correct disposal, stringent legislation, regular inspection, replacement of synthetic polymers with other materials, and ecological restoration. Current information indicates that the situation in freshwater ecosystems may be as detrimental as the pollution found in the ocean, although highly underappreciated.Supplementary InformationThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01496-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
458.
Multiple exposure pathways and health risk assessment of selenium for children in a coal mining area
dos Santos Marina Ramires Paula Florêncio Gironés María Consuelo Revert Rubio Armendáriz María del Carmen Montelongo Soraya Paz Muccillo-Baisch Ana Luíza da Silva Junior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(11):13562-13569
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Selenium (Se) presents a dual role to human body, harmful or beneficial, depending on its concentration. The exposure to this element has been... 相似文献
459.
Taborda Cátia Fael Cristina Ricardo Ana M. Ferreira Rui M. L. 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2022,22(2-3):403-428
Environmental Fluid Mechanics - Free-surface flows with riparian corridors are known to develop large eddies resulting from the instability associated to the inflectional profile of the... 相似文献
460.
Bigliardi Ana Paula dos Santos Marina Fernandes Caroline Lopes Feijo Garcia Edariane Menestrino dos Santos Marcelli Evans Telles Jones Marcus Herbert Soares Maria Cristina Flores Baisch Ana Luíza Muccillo da Silva Júnior Flavio Manoel Rodrigues 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2022,29(31):46803-46812
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mining and burning activities in coal-fired power plants are among the most polluting activities in developing countries. In Brazil, the Candiota... 相似文献